Kunyangwe zvave zviri makore anoda kusvika makumi masere kubva pakupfuura kwaSagmund Freud, basa rake nemanoramiro anoenderera mberi achibva pane chiratidzo pamagariro ezuva ranhasi. Anowanzotsanangurwa seumwe wevanonyanya kufunga nezvepfungwa mupfungwa yepamusoro uye pamwe chete nechepakakavhiringidza. Kunyange zvazvo dzakawanda zvedzidziso dzake dzisina kumira nguva, vadzidzi vanoramba vachidzidza pamusoro pebasa rake uye simba iro raive naro pamusoro pepfungwa uye maitiro aripo ekudzidza kwehupenyu hwevanhu.
Muchidzidzo chino, tsvaga mimwe mibvunzo inokosha yekudzidza pamusoro pe Freud neyepfungwa dzake dzepfungwa, dzidza mamwe emashoko anokosha uye tsanangudzo, uye tora mhinduro nokukurumidza kuti uedze kunzwisisa kwako.
Ndezvipi Zvikamu zveMafungiro Okuziva?
Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud akaparadzanisa pfungwa yakananga kusvika muzvikamu zvitatu: inoziva, yakakosha, uye isingazivi. Iyo pfungwa isina chizivo inosanganisira zvinhu zvose zvatisingazivi, asi zvinogona kuzarurirwa kuburikidza nezvimwe zvakadai sekurota uye Freudian.
Ndezvipi Zvikamu Zvakawanda Zvomunhu Aripo Uye Vanobatana Sei?
- Izvo zvikamu zvitatu zvehutano ndiye id, ego, uye superego.
- Izvo id inoshanda zvichienderana nekunakidzwa kwemashoko .
- Iko ego inoshanda zvichienderana nechokwadi chaiyo .
- Iyo yepamusoro inoshumira sechikonzero chekuzvidya mwoyo kwetsika uye inosanganisira zvose zviri nani uye hana.
- Chinangwa chemugove ndechekupindirana pakati pezvinoda zveiyo, superego, uye chokwadi. Nokuda kwekukakavadzana pakati pemasimba matatu aya, ego kuzvidya mwoyo kunogona kuitika. Kuti urarame nekuzvidya mwoyo uku, ego inotsigira nzira dzokudzivirira .
Ndezvipi Nhanho dzeMunhu Kubudirira?
- Freud akarayira kuti hunyoro hugumisiro hwezvikamu zvishanu zvekugadzirwa kwepfungwa dzepabonde , izvo ndezvi: munharaunda yemuromo (inotungamirirwa ne id), danho rekutanga (ego rinoumbwa), phallic danga (superego inosvika), latency (a phase yakarongedzwa nekudzvinyirirwa zvepabonde), uye chirwere chepabonde (kunzwa zvepabonde zvakare).
- Kana munhu "akabatanidzwa" pane imwe nzvimbo yekubatsira, kugadzirisa kunogona kuguma. Somugumisiro, unhu hwevanhu vakuru hunoratidzwa nekusakwanisa kusati kwagadziriswa muhuduku.
- Munguva yepallic yesangano rekufambira mberi, dambudziko reOedipal uye Electra complex rinounza kushushikana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemanzwiro epabonde kune mubereki wepabonde. Kuti vagadzirise kushungurudzika uku, vana vanobva vaona nemubereki wavo wepabonde.
Ndivanaani vaiva Neo-Freudians uye Nzira Dzadzo Dzakaita Sei Kusiyana Nezva Freud?
- VaNeo-Freudians vaisanganisira Karen Horney, Alfred Adler, naErik Erikson.
- Horney akaramba pfungwa yaFerud yepenisi shanje ndokubva ataura nharo yake chaiyo yakanga ichitaura nezvekunyanya kuzvidya mwoyo uye zvido zvehupenyu .
- Adler akatanga nyanzvi kubva pakufungidzira kuti manzwiro ekuderera ndiwo aive nesimba rinokurudzira maitiro evanhu.
- Erikson akasika chirevo chekufambisa kwakaparadzanisa hupenyu hwose uye hunoita hukama hwehukama.
Freudian Mitemo uye Tsanangudzo Unofanira Kuziva
Usati watora kuongorora kwakakosha muhutano hwako hwepfungwa dzepfungwa, kune mazwi akawanda uye tsanangudzo dzine chokuita ne Freud uye psychoanalysis yaunofanira kunzwisisa. Zvimwe zvezvikuru zvinosanganisira:
- Conscious mind
- Preconscious
- Ndisinganzwisisi pfungwa
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
- Libido
- Pfungwa inofadza
- Chokwadi chechokwadi
- Primary process
- Secondary process
- Ego yakanaka
- Hana
- Freudian slip