Mukutaura kwehutano hwepfungwa, dambudziko harisi kureva kuti rinoshungurudza mamiriro kana chiitiko, asi kumunhu kugadzirisa kune chimwe chiitiko. Munhu mumwechete angave akabatwa zvakanyanya nechiitiko apo mumwe munhu anotambura zvishoma kana kuti kwete. Izwi rechiChinese rekugadzirisa rinopa chimiro chakanakisisa chezvinhu zvinokonzera dambudziko. Izwi rinorwa mumutauro weChinese rinoumbwa nevanofananidzira kune ngozi uye mukana .
Dambudziko rinokonzera chipingamupinyi, dambudziko, kana dambudziko, asi rinopawo mukana wekukura kana kuderera.
Tsanangudzo dzakasiyana
Ko kusiyana kwevadzidzisi kunotsanangura sei dambudziko? Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye tsanangudzo dziripo. Vakawanda vanofunga nezvekuti munhu anobata sei chiitiko chacho kwete pane chiitiko chairo.
- "Vanhu vari mudambudziko pavanotarisana nechipingamupinyi kune zvinangwa zvehupenyu zvinokosha-uye chipingamupinyi chinonzi, kwechinguva, chisingaitiki nekushandiswa kwetsika nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko." (Caplan, 1961)
- "... zvinokanganisa mukuenzanisa pakakundikana kwemaitiro edzimhosva ekugadzirisa matambudziko anokonzera kusagadzikana, kusava netariro, kusuruvara, kuvhiringidzika, uye kutya." (Lillibridge naKlukken, 1978)
- "... dambudziko nderokufunga kana ruzivo rwechiitiko kana mamiriro ezvinhu sekuoma kunonetsa kusingapfuuri kwezvinodiwa nemunhu uye kugadzirisa matanho." (James naGilliland, 2001)
Aina
Tinowanzofunga nezvematambudziko senjodzi risingatarisirwi, risina kukanganisa motokari, njodzi chaiyo, kana chimwe chiitiko chinotyisa. Zvisinei, matambudziko anokwanisa kuwedzera zvakanyanya mumhando uye kuoma.
Mhando shomanana yematambudziko inosanganisira:
Dambudziko rekukura rinoitika sechikamu chekugadzira nekukura kuburikidza nenguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu.
Dzimwe nguva dambudziko nderimwe chiitiko chekufungidzirwa kwehupenyu, zvakadai sematambudziko anotsanangurwa mumatanho eErikson ekuvandudzika kwepfungwa .
Dambudziko remamiriro ezvinhu rakangoerekana risina kutarisirwa, rakadai sezviitiko nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga. Kuwana pangozi yemotokari, inosangana nemafashamo kana kudengenyeka kwenyika, kana kuti kuitirwa mhosva kune mhando shomanana yematambudziko emamiriro ezvinhu.
Dambudziko rinowanikwa mumakakatanwa anokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakadai sehupenyu chinangwa, kutungamirirwa, uye kunamata. Idambudziko rekuya pakati pehupenyu ndeimwe muenzaniso wedambudziko iyo inowanzotadzika mune zvinetso zvepo.
Dambudziko rinogona dzimwe nguva kuva pachena, rakadai somunhu kurasikirwa nebasa rake, kurambana, kana kuve mune imwe nzira yengozi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dambudziko rega pachako rinogona kunge risingaoneki asi rinogona kukonzera kuchinja kunoshamisa mukuzvibata uye mafungiro. IAmerican Psychological Association inoratidzira kuti zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika mumatambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa zvinosanganisira matanho makuru mukurara, kushanduka kamwe kamwe mumanzwiro, kuregererwa kubva pamabasa ezvisikwa, kupera kwekuita kuchikoro kana basa, kusaregererwa kwehutano hwehumwe uye kuchinja kwehuwandu.
Kubatsira Vanhu Kukurira Matambudziko
Chinangwa chekupa mazano ekugadzirisa matambudziko ndechekutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu iye zvino kune munhu anotarisana nedambudziko.
Kurarama kwenguva yakareba kudzvinyirira kana kushungurudzika kunogona kukonzera chirwere chepfungwa , saka zvinokosha kuti matambudziko anopa mazano ane ruzivo uye ruzivo runobatsira vatengi kurarama nekushungurudzika uye kushungurudzika ikozvino. Matambudziko ekupa mazano haafanirwi kupa psychotherapy , asi panzvimbo pekupa rubatsiro rwenguva pfupi kubatsira vateereri kuwana rubatsiro, rubatsiro, zvigadzirwa, uye kugadziriswa.
References:
American Psychological Association. (nd). Nzira yekubatsira sei mumatambudziko epfungwa. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/emotional-crisis.aspx.
Caplan, G. (1961) Kudzivirirwa kweMental Disorders muvana. New York: Basic Books.
James, KJ, & Gilliland, BE (2001) Crisis Intervention Strategies. Pacific Grove, PA: Brook / Cole.
Lillibridge, EM, & Klukken, PG (1978) Crisis Intervention Training. Tulsa, OK: Affective House.