Vanhu vazhinji, vanosvuta nevasina kusvuta zvakafanana, vanoshamisika kuziva kuti utsi hwefodya hune radioactive particles. Kunyangwe zvinotyisa ndezvekuti kana ukanyungudutswa, idzi zvikamu zvinopinda mumapapu uye dzinogara imomo.
Mutungamiri-210 (Pb-210) uye polonium-210 (Po-210) ane uturu hunonyangadza, hwemagetsi ane tsvina yakawanda iyo tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti iripo muutsi hwefodya.
Ndezvipi uye vanobva kupi?
Kunzwisisa Kutungamirira-210 nePolonium-210
Apo uranium, nora inowanikwa zvishoma muzvisikwa, inoputsika, radium inosunungurwa seji radon gasi mumhepo. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, radon gasi inokurumidza kukurumidza, ichibudisa mutambo-210 (Pb-210) uye polonium-210 (Po-210), yakawanda inonzi radioactive meta (inonzi radon inokura zvinhu).
Radon gasi ndiyo yechipiri inokonzera kukonzera kenza yemapapu, inoti vanenge 21 000 vanogara muUnited States gore rose. Sodya fodya ndiyo yekutanga, ine vanhu vanenge 158 080 vakarasikirwa nemukenza wemapapu gore negore muUnited States
Radon gesi yakabudiswa kubva muvhu inogona kupinda muzvivako kuburikidza nekuputika mune nheyo. Izvi zvinotinetsa mumisha umo tinopedza nguva yakawanda yenguva yedu. Kana iwe uine hanya ne raidhini gasi, tarisa kuva nemhepo iri mumba mako ichiedzwa uye, kana yakanaka ye radon, uise chiyero chekuyera panzvimbo.
Radium inowanikwawo phosphate fertilizer iyo inowanzoshandiswa mukurima fodya uye inobatsira kuwanda kwemhepo inonzi radioactive particles inosangana nemiti yefodya.
Maitirwo Api-210 nePolonium-210 Anoenda MuTodya
Sezvo radium iri muvhu yakapoteredza fodya mbeu inosunungura radon gasi, zvishoma uye mutungamiri uye polonium zvinyorwa zvinotenderera pasina uye zvinonamatira kune zviguru zvevhu zvinotakurwa pamusoro pemashizha efodya.
Izvi zvinoshandiswa ne-radioactive particles zvinonamatira fodya kuburikidza nezviuru zvevhu rakanaka rakafukidza pasi pemashizha.
Nenzira iyi, kupisa kwemazuva kunotakurwa kubva kumunda kusvika kushizha rinoshandiswa.
Kamwe apo, mashizha efivha akagezwa, asi nokuti Mutungamiri-210 uye polonium-210 zvose zvisingasviki mumvura, zvinyorwa hazvibviswe. Mutungamiri-210 uye polonium-210 varipo mumishonga yakapedzwa yefodya inopinda kune vatengi. Mumamiriro emidzanga, idzi inonzi radioactive particles pakupedzisira inowana imba mumapapu anotsvuta.
Mune chidzidzo chakabudiswa muAmerican Journal of Public Health, vatsvakurudzi vakaongorora zvinyorwa zvinopfuura 1500 zvekombiyuta yefodya. Vakawana ruzivo runoratidza kuti mabhizimisi aiziva nezvekukuvadza kunosangana nepolonium mumidzanga kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana. Vakavanza kutsvakurudza kwavo kuitira kuti vanhu varambe vari murima pamusoro pehudhiactivity mumidzanga.
Chii Chiri Kuitika Kana Iwe Wakaisa Muchakato Wemagetsi?
Sezvo munhu anoputa achifema muutsi hwefodya, mutungamiri-210 uye polonium-210 "tambo" kune tarimi yefodya iyo inounganidza pamagetsi emhepo mapepa mumapapu anonzi bronchioles.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mutungamiri-210 uye polonium-210 inovaka munzvimbo idzi uye nekufamba kwenguva inogadzira mhepo inopisa inotyisa. Kunyanya, polonium-210 inotora alpha-radiation, iyo inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya DNA.
Inhaling mutungamiri-210 uye polonium-210 inonyanya kukonzerwa nekenza yemapapu nekuti kuvaka-up ye-radioactive particles mumapapu evanoputa zvinowedzera uye zvisingaperi.
Mishonga inopinda mukati memuviri inoyerwa mumakamuri anonzi rads. Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti mapoka gumi nemashanu epolonium mubazi remakirani anogona kukonzera chirwere chemapapu. Izvo zvinenge kune imwechete-yechishanu yemakumbo anosungwa nemunhu anosvuta uyo anosvuta 2 mapepa pazuva kwema 25.
Masayendisiti achitarisa mapapu emufodya avo vakafa nemukenza wemapapu vakawana kuti mune dzimwe nguva, 80 kusvika ku100 rads yepolonium-210 yakanga yakawanda mumatomu.
Secondhand Smoke Is Radioactive, Kudai
Ani naani anofema utsi hunofanana anotsanidza mapapu avo kune zvimedu zvakashata zvinotyisa zvinosangana nekukonzera kukonzera mapapu mumusvuta.
Inenge 7 330 kufa kwekenza yemapapu muUnited States nhasi inokonzerwa neutsi hwechipiri.
Uyezve, idzi tsvina ndeyemakumi maviri emakemikari ane chepfu uye / kana ecarcinogenic ari muutsi hwefodya.
Usakanganwa Pamusoro pezvinotyisa mu Thirdhand Smoke
Thirdhand tsvina ndiyo inenge yakasara kubva kune utsi hwefodya iyo inoramba iri mumhepo uye inogadzika pane nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa. Inotakura zvese zvinokonzera zvinokonzera iyo utsi hwakanyanya uye hwechipiri hunofadza, uye inonyanya kutyisa vana vaduku, avo vanogona kubata zvisikwa zvakasvibiswa ndokuisa minwe yavo mumiromo yavo.
Polonium-210 haigoni kuiswa mukati memuviri kubva pakusangana nekakanda ganda kana mucous membrane. Zvisinei, kana kune utsi hwechipiri, inokuvadza kana inoputika, uye utsi hwechitatu, kana uchinge wadya.
Shoko Rinobva
Kusvika iye zvino, masayendisiti akawana zvinopfuura 7 000 makemikari , kusanganisira 250 mashefu uye makumi manomwe emakemikari, mumidzanga uye utsi hwefodya. Mimwe makemikari inotengeswa nemoto, mamwe mawedzera ndeaiti vatori vefodya vanoshandisa kuchinja kunhuvira, nguva yekupisa, nezvimwe.
Fodya inokonzera vanopfuura 440 000 vakafa muUnited States gore rega roga. Munyika yose, nhamba iyoyo inokwira kusvika mamiriyoni matanhatu, kusanganisira zvinodarika hafu yemamiriyoni vasina kusvuta avo vainge vasangana neutsi hwechipiri.
Idzo tsvina mumidzanga uye utsi hwefodya zvinokonzera mhando dzakawanda dzekenza, chirwere chemwoyo, uye COPD. Mishonga inobata basa rakaipa zvakare.
Hapana imwe nzira yakachengeteka yekusvitsa utsi hwefodya. Kana iwe usati uri kusvuta, asi iwe unoputirwa utsi hwefodya mune zvivharo zvakapoteredzwa, unotarisana nematambudziko akafanana nevasvuta vanoita, kusanganisira kanha yemapapu nemamwe marariya anokonzera kusvuta. Gara kure neutsi hwefodya. Uye kana iwe utsi, chinhu chakanakisisa iwe unogona kuzviitira iwe pachako kurega .
Dzidza zvaunogona kutarisira paunorega kusvuta uye zvaunogona kuita kuderedza kusagadzikana kunouya ne nicotine kubvisa l. Uyezve, tsvaga boka rekutsigira. Hapana chinhu chiri nani pane rubatsiro uye kubatana kunouya apo unosangana nevanhu vanonzwisisa zvauri kutarisana nazvo paunorega kusvuta.
Heino mhedziso: usatya kurega uye usaiisa. Nokukurumidza iwe watanga, zvishoma kudarika kwehutano hwako.
Sources:
American Lung Association. Lung Cancer Fact Sheet. Yakadzokororwa November 3, 2016.
American Public Health Association. Waking a Giant Sleep: Mhinduro yeShuwa yeTodya kuPolonium-210 Nyaya. Svondo 2008.
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. Polonium Factsheet .
Environmental Protection Agency. Radiation muFodya. Yakarongwa musi waDecember 5, 2016.
National Institutes of Health. National Center ye Biotechnology Information. Alpha-Radiation Dose paBronchial Bifurcations yevasvuta vanobva Indoor Exposure to Radon Progeny.