Chirongwa Chekudya Kunetseka
Kudya zvinetso zvinogona kukonzera kushungurudzika mupfungwa uye zvinetso zvehutano zvakakosha. Yakagadziriswa se "kudya uye kushaiwa kwekudya" muShanduro yeChirangaridzo uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) , zvinetso zvekudya zvinetso zvakaoma zvinogona kukanganisa utano uye hutano hwevanhu. Ivo vanewo huwandu hwekufa kwehuwandu hwehupi hwepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Ndiani Anobatwa?
Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, kushungurudzwa kwekudya hakusi kungobatsira vasikana vechidiki.
Izvo zvinoitika kuvanhu vemarudzi ose, mazera, madzinza, madzinza, uye zvematongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, ivo vanowanzoonekwa kuti vari vakadzi.
Vanhurume vanoderedzwa mukudya zvirwere zvepfungwa- kushorwa kwekuva nemamiriro ezvinhu anowanzobatanidzwa nevakadzi kunowanzovanza kubva kutsvaka rubatsiro uye kuongororwa. Uyezve, zvinetso zvekudya zvinogonawo kuratidza zvakasiyana nevarume .
Kushungurudzwa kwekudya kunowanikwa kune vana vaduku sevatanhatu pamwe chete nevakwegura.
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana umo kusagadzikana kwekudya kunoratidzwa mune vanhu ava kunogona kuita kuti vasazivikanwe, kunyange nevashandi.
Kunyange zvazvo kushaiwa kwekudya kunobata vanhu vemarudzi ose, vanowanzoregererwa nevasati vachena pamusana pekutsvaga. Kutenda kusina kururama kwekutambudzika kwekudya kunobatsira chete vatsvene vane vakadzi vakagadzirwa zvakakonzera kushayikwa kwehutano hwehutano hwevamwe-ndiyo chete nzira inowanikwa kune vakawanda vakaregererwa.
Uye, kunyange zvazvo isina kunyatsogadziridzwa, inofungidzirwa kuti ruzivo rwekusarura uye kudzvinyirirwa pakati pevanhu vanoita sedandende dzinobatsira pakuwedzera kwekudya uye zvimwe zvinetso pakati pevanhu vanoita sedender.
Yakawanda Nyaya Dzinowanikwa
- Binge Eating Disorder (BED), chirwere chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chekudya, ndicho chaicho chaicho. Inoratidzirwa zvikamu zvekare zvekudya-kunotsanangurwa sekushandiswa kwezvakawanda zvekudya pamwe chete nekunzwa kurasikirwa kwekutonga. Inowanikwa mumatunhu akakwirira pakati pevanhu vakuru vechimiro. Kuwedzera kwehupombwe kunowanzova chinhu chinovhiringidza mukuvandudzwa nekurapwa kweBED.
- Bulimia Nervosa (BN) inosanganisira zvikamu zvekare zvekudya zvakanyanyisa zvinoteverwa nemafambiro ekubhadhara-maitiro anogadzirirwa kuita ma calori anodyiwa. Maitiro aya angasanganisira kurutsa, kutsanya, kushandisa muviri zvakanyanya, uye kushandiswa kwemalasi .
- Anorexia Nervosa (AN) inoratidzirwa nokudya kwezvokudya zvisingabviri zvinotungamirira kukura kwemuviri kunotarisirwa, kutya kuwedzera kukura, uye kushungurudzika mumuviri wemuviri. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kuti anorexia nervosa inogona kuonekwawo kune vanhu vane miviri mikuru . Pasinei nokuti anorexia ndiyo dambudziko rekudya rinogamuchirwa zvikuru, inonyanya kufanana.
- Zvimwe Zvichinyatsojekesa Kudyisa uye Kudya Zvokudya (OSFED) inhengo yekatecha inosanganisira zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya zvinokonzera kushungurudzika uye kuora mwoyo zvakanyanya asi hazvikwanisi zvakananga zveanorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, kana binge kudya chirwere. Vanhu vanoongororwa kuti vane OSFED vanowanzonzwa vasina kukodzera uye vasina kukodzera rubatsiro, izvo zvisiri zvechokwadi. HASFED inogonawo kunge yakaoma seimwe zvimwe zvinetso zvekudya uye inogona kusanganisira subclinical kudya zvinetso. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti vanhu vazhinji vane zvinetso zvekudya zvinokonzerwa nekutengesa vacharamba vachiwedzera zvirwere zvekudya zvakakwana. Dambudziko rekudya zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunogonawo kurondedzera chikamu icho vanhu vazhinji vanogadzirisa kuburikidza nenzira yavo kusvika pakuzara.
Zvimwe Zvokudya Zvokudya
- Kuzvidzivirira / Kunogadzirisa Zvokudya Kutadza Kunetseka (ARFID) chirwere chinosanganisa kudya chinosanganisa kudya kunogadzikana musipo kwekusawirirana kwechimiro chemuviri kunowanzoonekwa mune anorexia nervosa.
- Orthorexia Nervosa haisi chirwere chepamutemo chekudya, kunyange chakakonzera kuwanda kwekucherechedza munguva pfupi sezvakataurwa kurongedzwa. Iko kunosanganisira kunamatira kune imwe pfungwa yehutano kudya kusvika pane imwe inosangana nezvoutano, hutano, uye zvehupfumi.
Zviratidzo
Kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zvekusiyana kwehutano hwekudya zvakasiyana, kune zvimwe zvingaratidza chikonzero chekuongorora zvakare:
- Kuramba kuine uwandu hunochinja kana kuva kuwandisa
- Kudyirwa kwezvokudya
- Kuvapo kwekuchenesa, kushandiswa kwemalasi kana kuti diuretic
- Kuvapo kwezvokudya zvekudya
- Kuvapo kwekunyanyisa muviri
- Nhengo dzisina kunaka mumuviri
Hazvishamisi kune vanhu vane zvinetso zvekudya, kunyanya avo vane anorexia nervosa, vasingatendi kuti vanorwara. Izvi zvinonzi anosognosia .
Co-Occurring Issues
Kudya zvinetso zvinowanzoitika pamwe chete nedambudziko repfungwa, kazhinji kazhinji kunetseka kwepfungwa, kusanganisira:
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Chirwere chinokonzera kushungurudzika
- Social phobia
- Mutumbi dysmorphic disorder
Zvinetso zvekuzvidya mwoyo zvinowanzotangira kutanga kwechirwere chekudya. Kakawanda, vanhu vane zvinetso zvekudya vanonzwawo kuora mwoyo uye vanongoronga zvakakwirira pamatanho ekutendeseka .
Genetics uye Environment
Kudya zvinetso ndezvirwere zvakakomba. Nepo isu tisingazivi zvakajeka chinokonzera ivo, dzimwe dzidziso dziripo .
Zvinoratidzika kuti 50 muzana kusvika 80 kubva muzana yemukana wekugadzirisa chirwere chekudya chinonzi genetic, asi mazamu ega haafanotauri kuti ndiani achaita chirwere chekudya. Inowanzotaurwa kuti "mazamu anoisa pfuti, asi mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera dambudziko."
Dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu uye zviitiko-zvinowanzozonzi "kugadzirisa zvinhu" -kubatanidza kana kuti kuita kuti kukura kwezvinetso zvekudya kune avo vane mazita ekugadzirisa. Zvimwe zvezvakatipoteredza zvinoshandiswa sezvinonyanya kupinza zvinosanganisira kudya, kunyanya kuora, kudzvinyirira, kushungurudzwa , kurwara, kupera, kushungurudzika, nekuchinja kwehupenyu. Yakavawo yakajairika yekupa mhosva kudya kwezvokudya pamasvikiro . Asi kana nhepfenyuro yakakonzera kukanganiswa kwekudya, munhu wose aive nazvo. Iwe unofanirwa kuva nehutachiona hwekugadzikana kuitira kuti zvirwere zvekudya zvikure.
Kushungurudzika kwekudya kunobatsira sei Utano
Nokuti zvokudya zvinokosha kuti nguva dzose zviitwe , zvinetso zvekudya zvinogona kuchinja zvakanyanya mumuviri nepfungwa. Munhu haafaniri kunge ari pasi pehutano kuti awane migumisiro yezvehutano yehutano hwekudya. Kushushikana kwekudya kunokanganisa maitiro ese emuviri :
- Mabhesi angave asina simba, achitungamirira kumamiriro asingagadziriswi.
- Ubongo hunogona kurasikirwa nehukuru, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvinoratidzika kuti zvinoshandiswa nehuwandu hwakazara uye huripo hunodzorerwa uye hwakaramba huchidya chakakwana.
- Zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinogona kukura mukupindura kumativi maviri uye kuchenesa.
- Zvinetso zvemadzinza zvinowanzova nemigumisiro yezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira.
Kubatsirwa
Kupindira kwepakutanga kunobatanidza nehutano hwakagadziriswa, naizvozvo tapota usanonoka kutsvaka rubatsiro. Upenyu hunogona kutoda kuiswa paunenge uchitarisa pakuita zvakanaka. Uye kana uine hukama hwakanaka, iwe unenge uine nzvimbo yakanakisisa yekuziva kuti upenyu hupi hunopa. Rubatsiro runowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana:
- Kutsika-Kutarisira Nzira. Zvakajairika kutanga kurapwa nehutsika hwepamusoro hwekutarisira uye kufambira mberi kusvika kumazinga akakwirira sezvinodiwa.
- Self-Help. Vamwe vanhu vane bulimia nervosa uye binge kudya chirwere vanogona kubatsirwa nekuzvibatsira-kana kutungamirirwa-pachavo rubatsiro runobva pamitemo yekufungisisa-behavioral therapy (CBT). Munhu wacho anoshanda kuburikidza nebhuku rebhuku, bhuku rekushandisa kana webhupu, kuti adzidze nezvechirwere uye anoudza unyanzvi hwokukunda nekuhutonga. Kuzvidavirira kunopesana neanorexia nervosa.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Chirwere chinopfurikidza-chinodzidza kunze kwekudya kwevanhu vakuru, CBT kazhinji inosanganisira zvinhu zvinotevera:
- Kuzviongorora kuburikidza nepapepa kana kushandiswa
- Kudya kudya
- Kuderedza uye dzimwe nzira
- Nguva dzose kudya
- Kugadzirisa kugadzirisa
- Kupera muviri-kutarisa
- Zvokudya zvinowanikwa
- Chimiro chemufananidzo
- Kudzokera kudzivirira
- Family-Based Treatment (FBT) . Uyu ndiwo mushonga unodzidza zvakanakisisa kuvana nevechiri kuyaruka vane zvinetso zvekudya. Kunyanya, mhuri inokosha chikamu cheboka rekurapa . Vabereki vanowanzopa rubatsiro rwekudya runobvumira mudiki kuti adzoke mumusha wavo. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha cheFBT chiri kupedza chirwere chekudya .
- Weekly Outpatient Treatment. Iyi ndiyo inowanzotangira mazano kune avo vane ruzivo rwekurapa uye kazhinji inosanganisira kurapwa neboka revashandi kusanganisira mushonga, a dietitian , uye chiremba. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinobudirira zvekurapa zvekudya kwevanhu vakuru zvinosanganisira chirwere chemaitiro chinonzi dialectical uye psychotherapy . Kuchengetedza remediation therapy kune mushonga mutsva uri pasi pekuongorora kweanorexia nervosa.
- Intensive Treatment. Kune vanhu vanoda rubatsiro rwepamusoro, kurapwa kunowanika pamatanho mazhinji , kusanganisira yakakura kunze kwepachirwere, chikamu chechipatara, nzvimbo dzekugara uye chipatara kutarisirwa . Mune maitiro aya, kurapwa kunowanzowanzopiwa neboka revanhu vakawanda.
Kukweretesa Kutsigira
Kana iwe uri mubereki wemuduku ane chirwere chekudya, saka kuchenjera kuti iwe utsvake kurapa panzvimbo yavo . Kutsigira mwana ane chirwere chekudya kunoshanda zvakaoma, asi kune zvigadziro kwauri . Kana mudiwa wako ane chirwere chekudya ari munhu mukuru, iwe unogona kutamba basa rinokosha mukuvabatsirawo.
Sezvo vanhu vane zvinetso zvekudya kazhinji vasingatendi kuti vane dambudziko, nhengo dzemhuri uye vamwe vanokosha vanoita basa rinokosha pakuvabatsira. Kunyange zvazvo kuregererwa kubva kune dambudziko rekudya kunogona kunge kwakaoma uye dzimwe nguva kwenguva yakareba, iyo zvechokwadi inogoneka.
> Sources:
> Kaye, WH, Bulik, CM, Thornton, L., Barbarich, N., & Masters, K. (2004). Kusagadzikana Kwekuzvidya Mwoyo Matambudziko NeAnorexia uye Bulimia Nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry , 161 (12), 2215-2221.
> Thomas, JJ & Schaefer, J. Almost Anorexic: Ndiwe (kana Kuti Wangu Wadiwa) Ukama neKudya Chirwere? (The Almost Effect) (Harvard University, 2013).