Tsanangudzo yeSchool-Based Program for Social Disqualification Disorder
Chikoro chinogona kuva chinetso kune vana nevechiri kuyaruka vachitarisana nehutano hwepabonde (SAD) . Kubva kunetseka kuita shamwari kusangana nekupindura mibvunzo mukirasi, hupenyu kuchikoro ndechimwe chinetso chekugara kwevanhu.
Kunyangwe vana vari munharaunda dzimwe nguva vanorwisana, asi mwana kana wechidiki ane SAD angave ane zviratidzo zvakanyanya zvekuzvidya mwoyo kana kudzivisa kuti kupinda kwechikoro kunotambura kana zvimwe zvinetso zvinokura, zvakadai sekuora mwoyo kana kushandisa zvinodhaka.
Vazhinji vana vane SAD havazivikanwe nevabereki kana vadzidzisi nokuti zviratidzo zvavo hazvisi pachena kune avo vanoita mukirasi. Panguva imwecheteyo, izvo zvavanoona ndeye dambudziko rechokwadi rinoda humwe uchapupu-hwakarongwa-kwete kungotarisira kuti ichazoenda kana kuti chikamu chinopfuura.
Chikoro ndiyo inzvimbo yakakodzera yekushandisa zvirongwa zvekurapa nokuti kune mikana yakawanda yevana kuti vashandise zvavari kudzidza-nevezera ravo kwete! Vadzidzisi vanogona kubatanidzwa, vatungamiri vanogona kubatanidzwa, kunyange vanyori uye vashandi vekudya vanogona kubatsira. Kana vabereki nevadzidzisi vakawanda vachiziva nezveSAD uye kurapa kwayo, zviri nani kuti zvigadzirire vana vane SAD.
Unyanzvi hweKubata Kwemagariro evanhu uye Chikoro (SASS)
Chimwe chirongwa ichocho chakagadzirirwa kubatsira vana nevechidiki nevana SAD iSunyanzvi hweZveshu uye Chikoro Chinobudirira (SASS) chirongwa chakagadzirwa naMasia Warner nevamwe vashandi.
Izvi zvinoratidzirwa zvevechiri kuyaruka vachienzaniswa neboka rekuchengetedza varindi uye boka rekucherechedza boka (boka iro rakabatana mune imwe chete deta yekuunganidza nzira uye vanofambidzana seboka remishonga, asi risina kuwana ruzivo rwakananga pamusoro pekutarisira mamiriro avo).
Iyi purogiramu inosanganisira zvikamu zvishanu zvinotevera pfungwa huru yekufungisisa-behavioral therapy (CBT). Mazano mazhinji kuvadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye vabereki vanogonawo kutorwa kubva purogiramu iyi, uye vakambotaurwa pasi apa.
Maitiro eHurongwa
Pasi rose, kana iwe ukatora chikamu muhurongwa hweSASS unogona kutarisira kuti ugare kwemwedzi mitatu.
Somudzidzi, iwe uchatora chikamu pane zvinotevera:
- 12 masangano evhiki nevhiki muchikoro chako icho chichagara maminitsi makumi mana ega ega
- mapoka maviri ekutevera maitiro ekudzokazve uye zvipingamupinyi zvaunogona kutarisana mushure meSASS program
- misangano miviri miviri pfupi yemaminitsi makumi maviri nerimwe
- pamwe, pane chikamu chinonakidza! Iwe uchazopindawo mavhiki mana "masangano evanhu" anogara maawa 1.5 mumwe nomumwe
Somubereki, iwe uchatora chikamu pane zvinotevera:
- misangano miviri yemapoka emaminitsi makumi mashanu nerimwe
Zviripo zvePurogiramu
Ndeipi chaiyo chirongwa cheSASS chinosanganisira? Kana wakamboverenga chero upi zvake kana uine ruzivo rupi neBBCT , zvizhinji zveizvi zvichanzwika zvakajairika kwauri. Kana CBT isingakubvumiri kana iwe wakatotanga kuedza pasina kubudirira, unogona kubvunza nezvemamwe mapurogiramu akadai seaya anobva mukugamuchirwa uye kufunga-kwakagadzirirwa.
Mira. Mira! Usati watanga kupinda misangano yeSASS pane chimwe chinhu chaunofanira kuita kugadzirira?
Iva nechokwadi chokuti uri kuwana nguva yakakwana yokurara usiku humwe, kudya kudya kwakagadzikana, kugara uchirovedza muviri, kunwa mvura yakakwana zuva rega rega, uye kuwana nzira dzekugadzirisa kushushikana kusina kufanana nekushushikana kwevanhu (zvakadai nekufungisisa kana yoga).
Kana imwe yezviitiko zvehupenyu hwako ichikukonzera urombo, shanda kubatsiura iwe pachako kana kuti rega mutungamiri wepurogiramu azive kuti une "nyaya" idzi dzinogona kunge dziri kuita kuti kufunganya kwako kuwedzere.
Chero mamiriro ose ezvinhu, heino misoro shanu yakafukidzwa neSASS:
1. Mafungiro
2. Kufunga Kwechokwadi
3. Dzidzo yeZvondo dzevanhu
4. Kufungidzira
5. Kudzokorora Kudzivirira
Ruzivo runoziva?
Kana zvisina kudaro, usafunganya. Mutungamiri weboka achatsanangura nheyo imwe neimwe sezvaunenge uchienda uye ichafamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuti iwe usati uremerwe.
Psychoeducation
Chinangwa chechikamu chino chepurogiramu ndechekukubatsira kunzwisisa zvawakave uchinzwa. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvemarudzi zvave zvichikutambudza? Iwe unogona kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakafanana:
- kunetseka usiku pamusoro pehurukuro inouya yaunofanira kupa
- mwoyo wako unomhanya kana maoko achidedera paunoedza kutaura nevanhu vatsva
Chii chaunoda kuchinja? Ndeapi mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti unzwe uchinetseka zvikuru?
Chinonyanya kukosha, iwe unofanira kubva kune chikamu chepurogiramu uchinzwa wakasununguka. Mutungamiri haafaniri kukuisa panzvimbo iyo, kana kuita kuti unzwe wakashamisika pamusoro pokuva nehanya nevanhu. Pakupera kwechikamu chino, iwe unofanirwa kukurudzirwa uye wakagadzirira kutanga kuchinja!
Kufunga Kwechokwadi
Chikamu chikuru che CBT chinosanganisira kunzwisisa ukama pakati pemafungiro ako, manzwiro, uye maitiro.
Vana nevechiri kuyaruka vane SAD vanogona kutarisira zvakanyanya kuitika-uye vanodavira kuti ndiyo mugumo wenyika kana izvozvo zvichiitika.
Somuenzaniso, wechidiki angafunga kuti acharambidzwa kana akakumbira shamwari kuti aite chimwe chinhu uye kuti kurasikirwa kunoreva kuti pane chimwe chakaipa naye.
Ongororo yekufunga inzira dzakakosha dzekusunungura mafungiro asina kunaka uye kuenda kune dzimwe nzira dzechokwadi dzekutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu.
Somuenzaniso, mwana kana kuti wechidiki angadzidziswa kubvunza mubvunzo se:
"Izvi zvakaitika kangani munguva yakapfuura?"
Chikamu chakakosha chechikamu chino ndechekuita panzvimbo pokuteerera. Iwe unofanirwa kushingairira kuita basa-kutamba kukudziridza unyanzvi kuti uite tsika yekufunga.
Kunyanya-kunyange kana iwe uchifunga kuti purogiramu isina maturo pakutanga-rega kutonga kwako. Pamwe iwe unofunga kuti mutungamiri weboka haazviwani. Munhu wese anondivenga uye hakuna munhu achazoda kuva shamwari yangu.
Fembera chii? Ndiyo inzwi rako, kwete inzwi reumwe neumwe. Ipa ichi chimwe chipfuti uye uchengete pfungwa yakajeka. Unogona kushamiswa manzwiro ako nekumagumo!
Kudzidzira Unyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu
Vana nevechiri kuyaruka vane SAD kazhinji havawani mukana wekuita unyanzvi hwemagariro evanhu sevanhu vakuru vane chirwere.
Dzimwe nzvimbo dzaunogona kushanda muchikamu chino dzinosanganisira kukurukurirana (kutanga uye nekuzvichengeta), kuvaka shamwari, kuteerera / kuyeuka, uye kuva nechokwadi .
Zvakare, iwe pachako uchange uine chikwata mumitambo yekudzidza pamusoro pezvirevo izvi.
Somuenzaniso, unogona kudzidzira:
- Kutanga kukurukurirana (kufungidzira nzira dzakasiyana dzekuzviita panzvimbo pokugara uchitaura nezvemamiriro okunze)
- Kuwedzerwa kukokwa kune mumwe munhu
- Kwete kushandura nyaya yekukurukura kusvikira mutungamiri achipa mvumo (inoshanduka, avo vane SAD vanofarira kuchinja hurukuro yekukurukurirana nokukurumidza nekuda kwekuzvidya mwoyo, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike, zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvisinganzwisisiki kune vamwe)
- Kuramba uchiisa pfungwa dzako uye usingafungi nezvekuzvidya mwoyo kusvikira iwe usingakwanisi kuisa pfungwa pane izvo zvinotaurwa nemumwe munhu (chiitiko chekuyeuka ndeimwe nzira yekuita izvi, umo munhu wose anogovera ruzivo pamusoro pavo uye vamwe vanofanira kuyeuka )
- Kuramba zvikumbiro nekuita "I" mazwi ekuratidza manzwiro
Pakati pemitambo, mutungamiri weboka uye nhengo dzeboka dzinogona kukukurudzira kuti:
- taura zvakanyanya
- shandisa maziso akawanda
- kuseka kakawanda
- shandisa muviri wakasununguka
- kana kuti uite chero humwe unhu husina maturo unoratidza kuti unosununguka
Kutarisana nekutya
Iyi chikamu chepurogiramu inosanganisira kuita zvishoma nezvishoma kutarisana nekutya kwako. Mariri, vadzidzi vanokudziridza hurumende kana kuti " kutya makanho " ematambudziko gumi anokonzera kuzvidya mwoyo kubva pakuipa kusvika pakuipisisa. Izvi zvinogona kuva mamiriro ezvinhu anotya kana kudziviswa zvachose.
Somuenzaniso, ungasarudza:
- kupa mhinduro isina kururama
- kukanganwa zita romumwe munhu
- kunyura mumugwagwa
- kusvika pakupedzisira kwekirasi
- kupa hurukuro
- kutaura nomumwe munhu mutsva
- kushanyira hofisi huru
- kutenga chikafu munzvimbo yekudya
- kubvunza munyori wemubvunzo mubvunzo
- achitaura nemukuru
- kurwira zviziviso zvemangwanani
- kubatana nechikwata
- kubvunza mubvunzo mukirasi
- kukumbira shamwari kuti iungane pamwechete
- kuenda kumabiko kana kutamba
- kana chimwe chinhu chinokuita kuti unetseke
Chinhu chikuru pamusoro pekuita chirongwa ichi muchikoro ndechekuti vana nevechidiki vanogona kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo-ehupenyu sekudyara, mukirasi, kana munhandare yekutamba. Kazhinji, vadzidzisi kana vamwe vashandi pachikoro vanogona kunyorwa kuti vabatsire.
Kunyange zvazvo mwana kana mwana ari kuyaruka kubudiswa, kuverengwa kwekutambudzika kwakanyorwa uye kuongororwa mune tarisiro yekuti inoderedza 50 kubva muzana pamagumo.
Iwe unogonawo kutora zvinyorwa zvezvinoita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aya ave nani kana akaipa. Imwe rudzi rwemudzidzisi huri nyore here kuti iwe uswedere? Kuzivikanwa, zera, nekukura kwevateereri zvikonzero zvinogona kuita basa.
Kudzokorora Kudzivirira
Ko mwana kana mwana wechidiki angaita sei kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti zvose hazvikanganwiki kana chirongwa chacho chapera? Wana kuziva zviratidzo zvako zvinoratidza kuti zviratidzo zvinotanga zvakare uye kuronga nzira dzaunoshandisa kurwisa nadzo. Uyewo, ona kuti zvipingamupinyi zvinowanzoitika uye zvinotarisirwa.
Mukuwedzera kunezvikamu zvepakati pepurogiramu, vana nevechidiki vanotorawo chikamu mu:
- purogiramu yemunhu mumwechete (kutarisa nyaya dzomunhu oga uye kudzvinyirira)
- maitiro ekutevera (kuti uoneke kuti hausi kuzodzokera mumitambo yekare)
- zviitiko zvekugara kwevanhu (zviitiko zvevhiki nevhiki kuti udzidzise unyanzvi hwako hutsva, hwakadai seduku duku gorofu-kazhinji inotanga kugadzirwa uye inotamira kune zvishoma zvisarudzo zvakaitwa)
Vabereki
Vabereki vanobatanidzwawo. Vanoenda kunodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peSAD uye kuti vangatsigira sei mwana wavo kana kuti hunobudirira hunobudirira.
Kutsvakurudza Uchapupu hweSASS
I-SASS yakaratidza kuti inoshanda kana ichiendeswa nemakiriniki epfungwa. Kutsvakurudza kwakawanda kunodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti vadzidzisi vekuchikoro vanogona kugona kubudirira purogiramu.
Kana mwana wako kana mwana wako ari kuratidza zviratidzo zvekunyanya kushungurudzika kuchikoro, zvakadai sekusava kuenda kune vamwe kana kuedza kudzivisa kutaura kana hupenyu hwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekuda kwekuti kushungurudzika kwevanhu munyaya inokosha.
Kana imwe yakaziviswa, SAD inogona kurapwa uchishandisa mapurogiramu akaita seSASS muzvikoro. Kubatsira kwekushandisa chikoro chiri chikoro-asi vadzidzi vanoda kuonekwa sevanoda rubatsiro kutanga.
Kunobva:
Ryan JL, Warner CM. Kurapa Vana Vachiri Kuyaruka Nehutano Hwenhamo Hwevanhu Muzvikoro. Mwana Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2012; 21 (1): 105-ix. doi: 10.1016 / j.chc.2011.08.011.