MuVivo, Imaginal, Interoceptive uye Zvirwere Zvenguva Dzokufungidzira
Chirwere chekunyadzisa chakawanikwa kuti chinogona kugadzirisa zvakakwana zviratidzo zvekupedzisira-kunetseka mupfungwa kunetseka (PTSD), uyewo zviratidzo zvevamwe zvinetso zvekuzvidya mwoyo.
Nekukwikwidza kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekurapa kurapa, tsvaga kuti ndeupi mushonga wakanaka kwauri.
Overview
Kuchengetedzwa kwehutano kunofungidzirwa sehutano hwetsika hwePTSD. Izvi ndezvekuti kuve nekurohwa kwehutachiona hunodiwa maitiro ekudzidzira anowanikwa nevanhu (kazhinji kunyanya kudzivisa) mukupindura mamiriro ezvinhu kana pfungwa uye pfungwa dzinotaridzirwa sekutyisa kana kukonzera kuzvidya mwoyo.
Somuenzaniso, munhu anopona chibharo angatanga kudzivisa hukama kana kuenda kumusi wekutya kuti acharwiswa zvakare.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti izvi kudzidza kudzivisa zvinoshandisa chinangwa. Apo munhu anotarisana nechiitiko chinoshungurudza , angatanga kuita nenzira dzekudzivisa kutyisa mamiriro ezvinhu nechinangwa chekuedza kudzivisa dambudziko iroro rinotambudza kuti rirege kuitika zvakare.
Munzira dzakawanda, kudzivisa uku ndiko kutsvaga kana kuchengetedza. Zvisinei, sezvo kuzvipira uku kunowedzera kuwedzerwa, hupenyu hwomunhu hunogona kuderera. Anogona kurasikirwa nekubata nemhuri kana kuomerwa nebasa kana muhukama.
Mukuwedzera, kudzivisa kunogona kuita zviratidzo zvePTSD zvakanamatira kwenguva yakareba kana kutosimbisa. Izvi zvinoreva, nokuti munhu ari kudzivisa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, pfungwa, kana manzwiro, haane mukana wekudzidza kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aya angasave ari kutyisidzira sezvaanoita.
Mukuwedzera, nekudzivisa pfungwa, pfungwa, uye manzwiro, munhu haazvibvumi zvizere kuita izvo zviitiko.
Chinangwa chokurapa chirwere ndechekubatsira kuderedza kutya kwevanhu uye kuzvidya mwoyo, nechinangwa chekupedzisira chekubvisa kusazvibata uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu. Izvi zvinoitwa nekushingaira kutarisana nezvinhu izvo munhu anotya.
Nokusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu anotya, pfungwa, uye manzwiro, munhu anogona kudzidza kuti kuzvidya mwoyo nekutya zvichatsika zvayo.
Saka, munhu anotarisana sei nemamiriro ezvinhu anotya, pfungwa, uye manzwiro panguva yekurapa kurapa? Nzira dzinoverengeka dzinogona kushandiswa nechiremba. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa pasi apa.
Nzira
MuVivo Pfungwa
Mu vivo kutsanangurwa kunoreva kurwisana zvakananga kwezvinhu zvinotya, mabasa kana mamiriro ezvinhu nemunhu pasi pekutungamirirwa kwechiremba. Semuenzaniso, mukadzi ane PTSD anotya nzvimbo yaakarohwa angabatsirwa nechiremba wake kuenda kune iyo nzvimbo uye achitarisana zvakananga nevanotya (chero bedzi zvakachengeteka kuita saizvozvo).
Saizvozvowo, munhu ane chirwere chinokonzera kushungurudzika kwevanhu munotya kutaura kwevanhu angave akarayirwa kuti atarisana zvakananga nevaya vanotya nokupa hurukuro.
Imaginal Exposure
Mukufungidzira, mutengi anobvunzwa kuti afungidzire kutya kana mamiriro ezvinhu.
Kufananidzira kwemafiropiyo kunogona kubatsira munhu zvakananga kutarisana nemafungiro anotya nekuyeuka. Kuenzanisa kwekufananidzira kunogonawo kushandiswa kana zvisingakwanisi kana kuti zvakachengeteka kuti munhu atarisana zvakananga nemamiriro ezvinhu anotya. Semuenzaniso, hazvizove zvakachengeteka kuva nechirwere chehondo pamwe nePTSD zvakananga kukunda mamiriro ekurwa zvakare.
Nokudaro, angakumbirwa kufungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu aityisa aakaona.
Kuona Kunze Kwekuteerera
Kutaurirana kwekunze kwepakati kwakagadzirirwa kutarisira chirwere chinotyisa . Zvisinei, kune uchapupu hwokuti inogona kubudirira mukurapa kwePTSD zvakare. Yakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanhu zvakananga kukundwa zviratidzo zvemuviri zvinotya kazhinji zvinobatanidza nekuzvidya mwoyo, zvakadai sekuwedzera kwemoyo yemhepo uye kupera kwekufema. Murapi anogona kubatsira izvi nekuva nemunhu (nenzira yakachengetedzwa uye yakachengeteka) hyperventilate kwenguva pfupi, kurovedza muviri, kupfurikidza nemushonga kana kubata kufema kwake.
Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu
Kurapa kwenguva refu kwenguva refu ndiko kusanganiswa kwemazano matatu ari pamusoro apa. Yakawanikwa ichibudirira zvikuru kune vane chirwere chePTSD uye inosanganisira kuvhara kwemasere 8 kusvika ku15 kwemaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere purogiramu. Kurapa kwenguva refu kwenguva yakazara kune dzidzo pamusoro pekutambudzika uye zvauchave uchiita, kudzidza nzira yekudzora kufema kwako (kutaurirana mukati), unoita munyika chaiyo (mu vivo exposure) uye kutaura pamusoro pekutambudzika kwako (kufungidzira kwekufungidzira).
Kuwana Murapa
Sezvinoratidzwa kare, kurapwa kwechirwere kunowanikwa kuva mushonga unoshanda zvikuru wePTSD. Mukuwedzera, nzira dzekupa rubatsiro rwehutachiona kuvanhu kuvanhu vari kuramba vachienderera mberi. Kunyanya, vamwe vanachiremba vanotanga kushandisa zvisizvo teknolojia yekodzero yekubatsira vanhu kutarisana nezvinhu zvavari kutya zvikuru.
Asi, zvinokosha kuziva kuti vamwe vanhu vanozeza kubuda kuburikidza nehutachiona hwehutachiona nokuti zvinogona kutyisa kutarisana nekutya. Chirwere chekunyadzisa chakafanana nemumwe mushonga wePTSD . Zvinoda kuzvipira kukuru uye kunogona kuoma dzimwe nguva. Chikamu chikuru chemishonga yakawanda yePTSD iri kutarisana nekubatana nemamiriro ezvinhu anotya, pfungwa, uye manzwiro. Nzira iyo inoitwa mumushonga mumwe nomumwe yakasiyana.
Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kuwana mushonga wakanaka uye mushonga kwauri. Iwe unogona kuwana humwe ruzivo pamusoro pevanopa kurapa munharaunda yako vanogona kupa chirwere chekutsvaga kuburikidza neAnxiety Disorder Association of America.
Sources:
Cahill, SP, & Foa, EB (2005). Matambudziko okuzvidya mwoyo: Kuziva-kugadzirisa maitiro ehutano hwehutano hwekuzvidya mwoyo. MuBJ Sadock, & VA Sadock (Eds.), Kaplan uye Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th ed., Vol. 1 (pp. 1788-1799). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams naWilkins.
Keane, TM, & Barlow, DH (2002). Posttraumatic stress disorder. Mune DH Barlow (Mupepeti), Kuzvidya mwoyo uye zvinetso zvaro, 2 edition (pp. 418-453). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Wald, J., & Taylor, S. (2007). Kubudirira kwehutano hwekutsvaga mukati mehutano pamwe chete nehutano hwehutano hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwepfungwa: Chidzidzo chekufambisa. Nyaya Yezvokuzvidya Mwoyo, 21, 1050-1060.
"Kurapa kwenguva refu." US Department of Veterans Affairs, PTSD: National Centre yePTSD (2015).