Kurwisana Nevamwe Nevamwe kana Kukurudzirwa Kunoita Kusiyana
Kutsvakurudza muhutano hwechikwata kunosimbisa kuti chinangwa cheAl-Anon chokupa "kunzwisisa nekukurudzira" kune avo vane zvinetso zvekunwa ndiyo inobatsira zvikuru nhengo dzemhuri dzinogona kutora mukubata nemamiriro acho ezvinhu.
Chimwe chidzidzo, chakatungamirirwa naWilliam Fals-Stewart weChishopatimendi reZvesheni paZvipembenene paIstate University yeNew York kuBuffalo, akawana kuti varume vanodzoka kubva pakushandisa zvinodhaka havakundi kubudirira kana vachitenda kuti wavakaroorana naye kana shamwari yake anozvidza, pane kutsigira.
Kurwiswa kunobatanidza nekudzokazve
Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti chevanhu vatatu vakaroora vakadzidza, avo avo vakarondedzera kutsoropodzwa kubva kune vavakaroorana navo vaigona kunge vakadzoka zvakare , pasinei nekuoma kwezvinetso zvavo zvechirwere, makore kana rudzi.
Al-Anon iboka rekutsigira kune avo vanobatwa nekunwa kweumwe munhu. Muchi "chekutanga" chinowanikwa pamisangano yakawanda yeAl-Anon, inoti:
"Al-Anon ane chinangwa chimwe chete chekubatsira mhuri dzevanodhakwa, tinoita izvi nekuita zviito gumi nemaviri, nekugamuchira uye kupa nyaradzo kumhuri dzevanodhakwa, nekupa kunzwisisa nekukurudzira kune doro.
"Inofananidzwa nemishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka izvo zvisingasanganisi vakaroorana, vanhu vanowana mazano ekuroorana vari nemigumisiro yakanaka kwazvo - kusanyanya kushandisa madhiragi, vashoma vasungwa, mikana yakawanda yekuramba vasina zvinodhaka," Fals-Stewart akati.
Hafu Yevanhu Yakanga Yadzokerazve
Zvimwe zviwanikwa zvekudzidza zvinosanganisira:
- Pakati pevarume 106 vari muchidzidzo, hafu yakanga yadzokazve gore mushure mekurapa.
- Vakawanda vevarume vakaziva kuti shamwari yavo inonyanya kuvatsanangurira, vane 2 muzana chete vachitaura kuti havana kunyanya kukosha zvachose, uye 29 muzana vachiti "vainyanya kukosha."
- Varume vakwegura vainyanya kuonekwa nekutsoropodza, sevaya vaibatanidzwa mune hukama hwakaoma hukama.
Chidzidzo chacho chakayera varume vacho vachiona kutsiurwa, kwete kuti kakawanda uye kakawanda sei vavakaroorana navo vakatsoropodza.
Fals-Stewart akati kuzvidzora ivo pachavo kunogona kuwedzera kutsoropodza kubva kune mumwe mudzimai, uyo angave akanyanya kuvhiringidzika nokukundikana kwemishonga.
Kudzoka Kwemunhu Kuga Kwingave Kusingakwanisi
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa " chirwere chemhuri " kusvika kune doro rinoratidza kuti nhengo dzose dzemhuri dzave dzichirwara nechirwere uye nhengo imwe neimwe inofanira kugadzirisa nyaya dzavo pachavo muAlcoholics Anonymous , Al-Anon kana Alateen.
Kunyange zvazvo kuedza kwekugadzirisa kunogona kubatsira, kune huwandu hwekutsvakurudza hunoratidza kuti kurapwa kunosanganisira mhuri kunogona kubereka zvibereko zviri nani.
Maitiro Akaroorana Vakaroorana
Tsvakurudzo yepakutanga yaFals-Stewart nevamwe vatsva vanofanira kutungamira pakukudziridza nzira yekurapa inonzi Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT). Iyo nzira yekurapa "yevakaroorana kana vanogara pamwe chete nemishonga vanoita zvinodhaka nevanobatsirana avo vanoedza kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvakananga kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kusawirirana kwevanhu vasingabatsiri vanowanzosigira kutsigira."
Kurapa maitiro akaroorana akawanikwa akabudirira mune zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana mukuderedza kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka nekusimbisa mhuri.
Ukama Hukuru Kugutsikana
Kuenzaniswa nehupi hwehutano hwakagadzirirwa, mararamiro ekuroorana ave akawanikwa ku:
- Ratidza kuderedza kuderedza kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa
- Ita mazinga akakwirira ekugutsikana kweukama
- Kuderedza hukama hwepedyo hwemhirizhonga
- Kuwedzera kuchinja kwepfungwa kwepfungwa
Nzira yeBCT yakawanikwa zvakare inoshanda kuvarwere vanoshandisa zvinodhaka, pane doro. Zvidzidzo zvakaona kuti nzira yekurovedza yevabereki iri yakanyatsobudirira kana iyo inoshungurudza mumhuri ichikadzi.
BCT yakaratidzawo kuti inoshanda, pamusoro pehutachiona hwega, kune varwere vanowana naltrexone therapy .
Varwere ivavo vainyanya kutora mishonga yavo kana paivawo nehutano hwechipiri.
Apo Vashandi Vose Vanopindwa Muropa
Utano hwehutano hwakanaka hunoshanda zvakanaka kana mumwe chete wevamwe varo ari muropa. Kana vose vakaroorana vanoshandisa zvinodhaka, BCT haina kuwanikwa yekuderedza kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kana kuderedza nhamba yemazuva asina kumira. Izvo, zvakadaro, kuwedzera ukama hukama.
"Zviri pachena kuti vane mikana shomanana yakabatana nekushandisa zvinodhaka, uye kuedza kuderedza kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kwavo kunogona kuderedza ukama hwavo hugutsikane nekudzivisa ivo basa rekugovana rakabatsirana," Fals-Stewart akanyora. "Kuedza kutarisa kushandiswa kwezvinoshandiswa zvinodhaka kune mumwe chete wevabereki vari mumhirizhonga pamwe chete-inowanzoitika, sezvo vaviri vakaroorana vasingawanzobatsiri kubatsirwa panguva imwechete-kazhinji kunoumba kukakavadzana kunogona kugadziriswa chete kuburikidza nekuparara kwehukama kana kupfuurira kwechirwere kushandiswa nemumwe wako achirapwa. "
Kwete kune Vakaroorana Vakamanikidzwa
Kuita maitiro ehutano hwevanhu vakaroorana hakusi kune vose vakaroorana, zvisinei. BCT haina kukurudzirwa kune vakaroorana avo vakarondedzera chisimba mukati megore rapfuura iro rinoda kurapwa kana kana mumwe mudiwa anonyorera achitya mumwe .
Muchiitiko ichocho, vaviri vacho vanowanzotaurirwa kumhirizhonga mudzimba uye mushandi-anonyanya kushamwaridzana anogamuchira kurapwa kwemunhu kune doro kana kushandisa zvinodhaka.
Chinhu chimwe chakajeka, mikana yewadhakwa kana kuti chidhakwa kuve asina kudzikama uye kugara wakachena uye kuchenesa kunowedzera zvakanyanya kana nhengo dzemhuri dzichibatanidzwa mukugadzirisa nekubatsira kupa nzvimbo yakanaka.
Sources:
Fals-Stewart, W et al. "Kurapa Kwevanhu Vakaroorana Kurapwa Kwezvinhu: Rationale, Methods, uye Findings." Addiction Science & Clinical Practice August 2004
Fals-Stewart, W. et al. "Kuita maitiro ekuroorana nevarume vakadhakwa nevakashamwaridzana navo: Kubudirira kwekuenzanisira kwevashandi-uye vatungamiriri-level councilors." Therapy Therapy