Icho chiri chirwere chemazuva ano maitiro ehupfumi here?
Constructivism rudzi rwekudzidza dzidziso inotsanangura kudzidza kwevanhu sekuedza kushingaira kwekuita zvinoreva munyika inotitenderedza. Constructivists vanodavira kuti kudzidzira kunoshanda uye kunotungamirirwa pane kungoita unhu hunoita kana pfungwa yekufungisisa .
Constructivism inoparadzanisa kudzidza mumhando mbiri: pokugara uye kugadziriswa. Chinonyanya kukoshesa chido chomunhu uye kukwanisa kudzidza , uye mudzidzisi kana mushandi aripo chete kuti abatsire kutungamira kudzidza.
Kune marudzi akawanda e constructivism, kusanganisira:
- Kuchenjerera
- Social
- Cultural
- Radical
Pano tichataura nezvekunzwisisa nekugutsikana kwehupfumi sezvinopindirana netsanangudzo ye phobia . Tsanangudzo yekugara kwevanhu inowanzove yechipiri nokuti ichinjairo chekuziva kugadzirisa.
Cognitive Constructivism
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Jean Piaget inowana chikwereti nokuda kwekugadzira njere dzekuvaka constructivist theory . Inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvinonzi: makore uye zvikamu. Zera remakore rinofanotaura kuti vana vanogona kunzwisisa kana kusanzwisisa zvimwe zvinhu. Zvikamu zvikamu zvinoratidza kuti vanhu havakwanise kunzwisisa nekushandisa mashoko, pane kudaro, vanofanira kuvaka ruzivo rwavo kuburikidza nekuziva.
Iyi nyanzvi inopesana zvakananga nemuenzaniso wekudzidzisa zvikoro zvakawanda zveUnited States zvinoshandisa kutumira ruzivo. Apo vadzidzisi vanotarisira vadzidzi kuti vazoyeuchidza ruzivo rwakapiwa mushure mokuzviita kwenguva pfupi, panzvimbo pokuona kufarira kwavo pachavo mune chimwe chinhu vozochiona.
Muchikoro chePiagetian chichigadzirisa mudzidzisi anogadzira nzvimbo yakawanda inobvumira vadzidzi kuti vaongorore zvishoma nezvishoma.
Social Constructivism
Kushandiswa kwevanhu mune zvekugarisana ndezvekusiyana kwekugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa kwakagadzirwa nemanyanzvi wezvepfungwa Lev Vygotsky. Akatenda muhutano hwemagariro asi akataura kuti haisi nzira yekudzidza iyo inokosha, ndiyo "nzira iyo vadzidzi vakabatanidzwa nayo munharaunda yezivo."
Akaona kuti kudzidza kunoda kushamwaridzana pakati pevanhu. Nokudaro, social constructivism yakazvarwa.
Zvose zvinonzwisisika uye hutano hunovaka hunoziva ruzivo rwakavakwa.
Kugadzirisa Kwemagariro uye Phobia Treatment
Mumwe chiremba anotevera hutano hwekugadzirisa hutano hwehutano hunoita kuti munhu awane kungoziva kutya kweumwe kuburikidza nekuongorora maitiro ehutano hwechiitiko chemurwere.
Ichi chidzidzo chinoratidzirwa mumagariro evanhu ekugadzirisa zvirongwa zveperibia . Mumwe chiremba anotevera dzidziso iyi aizotenda kuti kubudirira kwehutano kwaizonyanya kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu umo murwere akashandisa kupindira kwakatemwa.
Saka, mushandi wako anogona kukudzidzisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, kukurira kutya kwako paunenge uri kumba uye imwe yezvaunenge uchiri pachena.
Kuvakwa kweHuzhinji Kwekuzvidya Mwoyo
Kutarisana nekuzvidya mwoyo kunongova chikamu chekuva munhu. Zvisinei, zvakashushikana kuzvidya mwoyo zvakasimuka pamwero unotyisa sezvo kuguma kweWWII. Iye zvino, muzana remakore rechi21, kushungurudzika kwepfungwa ndechimwe chezvinetso zvakajairika zveutano hwepfungwa pasi rese.
Phobias chirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo uye vamwe vanachiremba vanotenda kushandiswa kwemagariro evanhu vemazuva ano, nekufambisa kwayo nekukurumidza, kugoverwa, uye kuenderera kuwedzera, kuti izvi zvikwirirane mukuzvidya mwoyo kwehutano.
Kunyange humwe humwe uchapupu hunoti, maererano neshoko rakabudiswa muCanada Journal ye Psychiatry, kuwedzera kunokonzerwa nekutenda kwakanyanya munharaunda yedu "kuti zviratidzo zvine chokuita nekuzvidya mwoyo ndezvekupindura kwehukama uye hwemagariro kuhupenyu munguva yemazuva ano,"
Sources:
Berkeley Graduate Division: Social Constructivism. > http://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/learning-theory-research/social-constructivism/.
Dowbiggin. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry: Kunyanya Kuzvidya Mwoyo - Kugara Kwevanhu Kwekuzvidya Mwoyo (2009).
Hays uye Singh. Ongororo Inofanirwa muKliniki uye Kudzidzisa Maitiro. (2012).
Yunivhesiti yeHouston: Musoro weCognitive Constructionism.