Sei tichiita izvo vamwe vanotikumbira kuti tiite?
Wati wamboita chimwe chinhu chausingadi chaizvo kuita nokuti mumwe munhu akakubvunza iwe? Kutenga chimwe chinhu mushure mokunge uchitendeswa nemutengesi anotengesa kana kuedza imwe soda ye soda mushure mekuona kubvumirana kwekutengeserana kunoenderana nemukurumbira wako kune mienzaniso miviri yezvinozivikanwa sekuteerera.
Iko kune simba rei pane zvatinoita mumagariro edu?
Pane zvipi zvingakanganisa kuterera? Kuti uwane mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi, zvinokosha kutanga nekunyatsonzwisisa kuti chii chinotenderwa uye kuti chinoshanda sei. Ramba uchiverenga kuti uwane zvakawanda pamusoro pezvakaitwa nevatsvakurudzi nezvehupfungwa hwekuteerera.
Kutenderwa Chii?
Mukufunga kwepfungwa, kutevedza kunoreva kuchinja maitiro nekuda kwekukumbira kana kutungamirirwa kweumwe munhu. Inofambidzana neboka kana kuchinja mufambiro kuti uwirirane neboka, asi uchiri kusabvumirana neboka racho. Kusiyana nekuteerera, umo mumwe munhu ari munzvimbo yechiremera, kutevedza hakurevi kuti uri mune chinzvimbo chechiremera kana chiremera pamusoro pevamwe.
- "Kuteerera kunoreva kuchinja kwekuita kunodiwa nomumwe munhu kana boka; munhu wacho akaita nenzira imwechete nokuti vamwe vakamukumbira kuti aite kudaro (asi zvaikwanisika kuramba kana kuramba.)" (Breckler, Olson, & Wiggins, 2006)
- "Mamiriro ezvinhu anoshevedza kutevedza anotora mhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira chikumbiro chemubatsiro, chikafu chinotanga kubvunzwa nemubvunzo unoti" Unogona kundiitira nyasha here? "Anosanganisirawo mapikicha ep-up paInternet yakagadzirirwa kukukwezva iwe muwebsite yekutengesa uye mutengesi wekutengesa kwebhizimisi anotangira nemashoko ane ngozi "Ndine chikwata kwauri!" Dzimwe nguva chikumbiro chiri mberi uye chakananga, izvo zvaunoona ndizvo zvaunowana. Pane dzimwe nguva, chikamu chekunyengera uye nezvimwe kushandiswa kukuru. " (Kassin, Fein, & Markus, 2011)
Nzira Dzakashandiswa Kuita Zvinoteerera
Kuteerera ndicho chirevo chikuru chekufarira mukati mebasa rekutengesa pfungwa . Iyi inzvimbo inokosha inotarisa pamusoro pehupfungwa yekutengesa kwevatengi, kusanganisira kuti vatengesi vanogona sei kutengesa vatengi uye kuvanyengetedza kuti vatenge zvigadzirwa nemabasa. Vatengesi vanowanzovimba nedzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuteerera kutengesa kune vatengi. Mamwe emhando idzi inosanganisira:
- I "Door-in-the-Face" Nzira
Munzira iyi, vatengesi vanotanga nekukumbira kuzvipira kukuru. Kana mumwe munhu akaramba, ivo vanobva vaita chikumbiro chiduku uye chinonzwisisika. Somuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti muridzi wemabhizimisi anokukumbira kuti uite mari yakawanda mukana webhizimisi mutsva. Mushure mokunge iwe uchinge waita chikumbiro, mwene webhizimisi anokumbira kana iwe unogona kuita zvishoma zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa kumubatsira kunze. Mushure mekuramba kupiwa kwekutanga, unganzwa uchimanikidzwa kuita maererano nechipiri chekukumbira kwake. - Iyo "Foot-in-the-Door" Technique
Munzira iyi, vatengesi vanotanga nekukumbira nekuwana zvishoma kuzvipira. Kana wave watoenderana nechikumbiro chekutanga, iwe unogona kunge uchiitawo chimwe chechipiri, chikumbiro chikuru. Somuenzaniso, wako-mushandi anobvunza kana iwe uchizadzisa iye kwezuva. Mushure mekuti hongu, hongu, anokumbira kana iwe ukangopfuurira kuzadza kwevhiki rose.
- Iyo "Izvozvo-Kwete-Zvose" Nzira
Wati wambozviwana wava kutarisa terevhizheni isina kukodzera here? Kana imwe nguva chigadzirwa chave chakakandwa, mutengesi anobva awedzera chimwe chipo pamberi pekuti mutengi aigona kuita chisarudzo. "Hazvisi zvose," mutengesi anogona kutaura kuti, "Kana iwe ukatenga sejecha remajere ikozvino, tichaisa mune imwe widget yega yega!" Chinangwa ndechokuita kuti chipo ichocho chifadze sezvinobvira. - I "Lowball" Technique
Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuwana munhu kuzvipira uye nekusimudza mazwi kana zvikamu zvekuzvipira ikoko. Semuenzaniso, mutengesi anogona kukubvumira kuti ubvumire kutenga chirongwa chepurogiramu chaiyo pamutengo wakaderera usati wowedzera pane dzakawanda zvekubhadhara mari inozoita kuti urongwa huwedzere mari.
- Ingratiation
Iyi nzira inosanganisira kugamuchira kubvumirwa kubva kune chinangwa kuitira kuti vateerere. Nzira dzakadai sokunyengedza chinangwa kana kuzvipa nenzira inofanirwa kune mumwe munhu inowanzoshandiswa nenzira iyi. - Reciprocity
Vanhu vanowanzoita maererano kana vachifunga kuti mumwe munhu atoita chimwe chinhu kwavari. Isu tagara tine hukama hwekutenda kuti kana vanhu vachiwedzera mutsa kwatiri, saka tinofanira kudzorera nyasha. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kugadziriswa kwakasimba kwakasimba kwazvo zvokuti kunogona kushanda kunyange apo rudo rwekutanga rusingagamuchirwi kana runobva kune umwe watinoda.
Kutsvakurudza Kunotii Nezvokuteerera?
Kune huwandu hwezvidzidzo zvinozivikanwa zvakaongorora nyaya dzine chokuita nekuteerera, kufanana, nekuteerera. Zvimwe zvezvi zvinosanganisira:
- Maonero eAsch Maonero
Nyanzvi yepfungwa Soromoni Asch yakaronga ruzhinji rwekuedza kuenzanisira kuti vanhu vanobatana sei mumapoka. Paakaratidzwa mitsara mitatu yakakura yakasiyana, vatori vechikamu vakakumbirwa kusarudza mutsetse wakareba. Apo vamwe vari muboka (avo vaibatanidzwa mukuedza) vakasarudza mutsara wakaipa, vatori vechikamu vaizobatana nechisimba cheboka uye zvakare kusarudza yakashata mutsara urefu. - The Milgram Teerera Ongororo
Stanley Milgram yakakurumbira uye yakakavhiringidza kuedza kuedza kujekesa simba rehurumende rinogona kushandiswa kuita kuti vanhu vaite. Mune zvidzidzo izvi, vatori vechikamu vakatungamirirwa nemuongorori kutumira kushungurudza magetsi kumumwe munhu. Kunyange zvazvo kushamiswa kwakanga kusiri kwechokwadi, vatori vechikamu vakatenda zvechokwadi kuti vaityisa mumwe munhu. Milgram yakawana kuti 65 kubva muzana yevanhu vaizoendesa zvakanyanya, zvichida kupisa magetsi kushungurudzwa pamirairo yemunhu ane simba. - The Stanford Prison Experiment
Muma1970, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa, Philip Zimbardo, akaita sarudzo umo vatori vechikamu vaiita basa revarindi nevasungwa mujeri rakasekwa rakagadzirirwa muchitsime chebazi rezvepfungwa paStanford University. Pakutanga yakarongedzerwa kupedza vhiki mbiri, kuedza kwaifanira kugumiswa mushure memazuva masere mushure mekunge varindi vatanga kuratidza unhu hwakashata uye vasungwa vakava nekuzvidya mwoyo uye vakasimbiswa zvikuru. Kuedza kwakaratidzwa kuti vanhu vanoita sei nezvitarisiro zvinobva kune dzimwe nharaunda dzevanhu.
Zvikonzero Zvinokurudzira Kuteerera
- Vanhu vanowanzoita maererano kana vachifunga kuti vanogovana chimwe chinhu chakafanana nemunhu anoita chikumbiro.
- Apo kushamwaridzana kweboka kunokosha kune vanhu, ivo vanowanzoita zvinoenderana nehukama hwevanhu. Somuenzaniso, kana mudzidzi wekoroji akaisa kukoshesa zvikuru pakuve muhukama hwekoroji, ivo vanowanzoenda pamwe nezvikumbiro zveboka kunyange kana zvinopesana nezvavanotenda kana zvido zvavo.
- Mukana wekuteerera unowedzera nehuwandu hwevanhu varipo. Kana chete munhu mumwe chete kana vaviri varipo, munhu angaita bongo pfungwa yeboka uye akaramba kuteerera.
- Kuva muhupo hwepamberi kweboka kunoita kuti kutenderwa kuwedzere.
> Sources:
> Breckler, SJ, Olson, JM, & Wiggins, EC (2006). Social Psychology Alive. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
> Cialdini, RB (2007). Kufurirwa: The Psychology of Persuasion. New York: Harper Collins Vaparidzi.
> Kassin, SM, Fein, S., & Markus, HR (2011). Social Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth - Cengage Kudzidza.
> Weiten. W., Dunn, DS, & Hammer, EY (2011). Psychology Inoshandiswa Kuupenyu Hwemazuva Ano: Kugadziriswa muzana remakore rechi21. Belmon, CA: Wadsworth - Cengage Kudzidza.