Fodya-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo imwe yemakemikari anonyanya kukosha mumiti yefodya. Ivo vakasiyana nefodya uye varipo mune fodya isina kusvuta, fodya, fodya, uye electronic cigarette mvura. Zvakawanda zvekukuvadza kunobva kune fodya uye utsi hwefodya asi, nokuti kune vakawanda vanoputa pasi pose.
Ndezvipi TSNAs uye Dzinobvepi?
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) yakatsvaga 8 fodya-nitrosamines chaiyo mufodya uye utsi hwefodya.
Vaviri vavo vakarongerwa seChitatu 1 carcinogens, zvinoreva kuti dzinokonzera chirwere kuvanhu.
- N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN)
- 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1- (3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK)
A metabolite yaNNK, NNAL inosimba yakasimba, uye yakawanikwa mumuguta wevanhu vakaputirwa utsi hwechipiri, ingave vanosvuta kana kwete.
Kubva kuNitrates kusvika kuNitrosamines
Gorofu fodya inobva mumunda inenge ine nitrates kubva kumagadziririsi anoshandiswa mukurima, uye kusvika kuduku, kubva kumiti michero yakakurira mukati. Haina yeTNNA-zvisinei, kwete.
Nitrates mufodya mashizha anoshandurwa kuva noutachiona-inonzi nitrosamines chaiyo kana fodya (uye nicotine iri mairi) yakabikwa uye inoporesa. Kugadzirwa kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzinoverengeka, nemhepo kana kupisa, uye migumisiro inobereka kana yakakwirira kana yakadzika mazinga e nitrosamines.
TSNAs iripo mumishonga yakapedzwa yefodya, iyo inozopedzisira yaita nzira yavo mumitumbi inoputa, iyo inopa mhando dzakawanda dzekenza.
MaTNA Anokuvadza Sei Vakasvuta?
TSNAs inonzi carcinogens yakasimba inobatanidza nekamwe kanzura.
Kanza yemaperembudzi yakaratidzwa kunge yakabatana zvikuru neNNK, kunyanya, adenocarcinoma, iyo ndiyo inowanzosiyana nemapapu emapapu.
Zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neTTNA zvinosanganisira:
- Kenza yemumuromo
- Esophageal cancer
- Chirwere cheropa
- Kenza yepancreatic
Pane kuwedzera kunetseka kuti TSNAs inogona kubatanidzwa nekenza yemukomana, nokuti aya majekitini akawanika muhuwandu hwemucheche wechibereki wevakadzi vanoputa.
TSNAs Inogona (uye Inofanira) Kuderedza Mufodya Zvimwe
Vatsvakurudzi vanoziva kuti TSNA mazinga mumudzanga wekutengeserana anosiyana zvikuru, pasi rose. Chikonzero cheizvi mapepa akawanda. Fodya, mamiriro ekurimwa mukurima fodya, uye kuti fodya inoporesa sei kana ichibuda kunze kwemunda yose inobatsira muwandu hwekenza-inokonzera nitrosamines inopera mufodya wapedza.
Burley fodya (inozivikanwawo seBlack Burley fodya) uye nzira inoporesa inoratidzika inoita kuti iite yakawanda kwazvo ye TSNAs, maererano nevatsvakurudzi.
Mhuri Yekusvuta Kuchengetedza uye Fodya Control Act inopa United States Chakudya neDrug Administration simba rokutonga fodya. Vanotsvakurudza varikumbira mitemo yekugadzira iyo inogona kuderedza mazinga eTTNA ane hutachiona hunofanira kuiswa panzvimbo yekutengeserana kwekutengesa fodya.
Fodya Inoporesa Sei?
Burley Fodya inoporesa mweya , iyo inosanganisira kusungira fodya mumashizha mumugodhi ane kunaka kwemhepo. Fodya yakasara kuti inomira zvishoma nezvishoma pane imwe nguva kusvika kumwedzi miviri.
Kuporesa kwemhepo kunobereka shuga yakaderera, yakakura nicotine fodya. Cigar uye burley tobaccos vane air-cured.
Flue-akapora fodya ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa nemafuta matsva fodya akaiswa pamapuranga muvhare rakapoteredzwa uye anoporesa nekupisa kubva kune flue yakabatanidzwa nebhokisi remoto. Izvi zvinoporesa fodya nekupisa pasina kuisa pachena kuti itsiire. Muma1960, bhokisi remoto rakatsiviwa nemhepo inopisa moto. Iyi nzira inoporesa inobereka fodya iyo yakakwirira muhuga hwehutano uye pakati kusvika kune yakakwirira nicotine. Kazhinji fodya inotengeserana inoporesa.
Mimwe nzira yekuputa fodya inosanganisira:
Moto-kuporesa , uko kunotonhora kwakaoma moto huni mukati megoro ine fodya.
Moto unoporesa fodya unogona kutora mazuva kana vhiki zvichienderana nefodya uye kuti chii chiri kutorwa. Pipe, chew uye fodya fodya zvinopisa moto. Mimwe fodya inokonzerwa nefodya inoporesa moto. Moto-wakaporesa fodya yakaderera mune shuga uye yakakwirira muicotine.
Zuva-kuporesa kunosanganisira kuisa mashizha efivha zuva kuti aome. Inoshandiswa munyika dzeMediterranean, nzira iyi inobereka izvo zvinonzi Oriental fodya. Iyo yakaderera mune shuga uye nicotine. Turkish cigarettes ndezana zana asiri kurega Oriental fodya. Nguruve, pipe fodya, fodya uye tsvina zvinowanikwawo neEastental fodya.
Zvinhu zvinokonzera TSNAs mufodya uye fodya inogona uye inofanira kutarisirwa kudzivirira vanosvuta nevasina kusvuta vakaputirwa utsi hwefodya kupfuura zvakanyanya.
Mamwe maCarcinogenic Makamu muTodya
Mukuwedzera kune TSNAs, 10 makemikari akawanda emakemikari anozivikanwa sePAHs uye anamerican amine anofungidzirwa kuti anotora chikamu chinotungamirira muhutano hwekenza yakataurwa pamusoro pevanhu. Zvose TSNA uye PAH zvinogona kuderedzwa mumiti yefodya.
Kusvika zvino, sayenzi yakaratidza anenge makumi manomwe emakemikari emakemikari mumidzanga uye utsi hwefodya, kusanganisira 60 dziripo muutsi hwefodya uye zvinenge 16 dzinogara fodya isina kupiswa. IARC inotora 10 PAHs, 8 TSNAs uye 45 mamwe maitiro evanhu vanogona kuuraya vanhu, uye kutsvakurudza kunopfuurira.
Kusvuta Fodya Munyika Yose
Fodya inouraya munhu mumwe chete muvanhu vakuru vashanu munyika yose nhasi, inenge kusvika mamiriyoni 6 evanhu vakarasikirwa gore negore kune chikonzero chiri mukati medu.
Kana iyo yemazuva ano tiripo ichiri kuenderera mberi, nhamba iyoyo inotarisirwa kukura kusvika mamiriyoni gumi ekufa kwehutano hwakashata gore negore ra2020, uye makumi manomwe kubva muzana ye kurasikirwa kunobva kunyika dzisiri pasi dzakasarudzwa dzisina kutengesa fodya munzvimbo.
Dzidzo pamusoro pezvinetso zvekushandisa fodya nekusimbiswa kwevanhu vanorega ndeyekukosha kwekuchinja izvi.
Shoko Rinobva
Hapana imwe nzira yakachengeteka yekusvitsa utsi hwefodya. Iyo inopisa mhepo, uye iyo inogadziriswa pamusoro, inoita inxini inozivikanwa seutsi hwechitatu-ruoko .
Kana uchiri kusvuta uye uchida kurega, tanga uchitarisa zvikonzero nei iwe uchifanira , uye zvino shandisa zvinhu zviri pasi apa kuti utange nekurega kusvuta.
Uyewo, simira pahurukuro yedu yekurega kubvisa kushandiswa kwemashoko kubva kune vamwe vasiri kusvuta vari kutarisana nezvauri, kana kuti varipo uye vanogona kupa mazano akanaka. Unogona kungoverenga kana kubatanidzwa nehurukuro dziri kuitwa. Chero nzira, kusarudza kwako kuchasimbiswa.
Kurega fodya kunotora rimwe basa, asi kusagadzikana kwechinguva.
Usatya kutya kupera . Funga nezvazvo sechinhu chinokurumidza kusvika kune hupenyu huri nani.
Sources:
American Association for Cancer Research. Nhamba dzeFodya-Specific Nitrosamines uye Polycyclic Inonhuhwirira Hydrocarbons muStstream Smoke kubva kune Mhando dzakasiyana dzeTobha. December, 2008.
American Association for Cancer Research. Yenguva Yokugadzirisa Kachenogenic Fodya-Specific Nitrosamines muCigarette Tobacco. July, 2014.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. Agent Zvakatarwa neIARC Monographs, Volumes 1-117.
International Fodya Growers Association. Aina Fodya.
Kutya Fodya. British Medical Journal. The Case of the Missing Nitrosamines: A Potentially Global Phenomenon. January 8, 2004.