1 - Social Anxiety Disorder uye Bongo Imaging Research
Dzidziso yekufungidzira kwehupombwe inogona kuzarura zvikonzero nei vamwe vanhu vachikudziridza kushushikana kwevanhu uye vamwe havaiti, uyewo mararamiro ezvokurapa zvingave zvakanyanya kubatsira-zvichibva pamunhu.
Pasi pane zvishanu zvidzidzo zvekurota zvidzidzo zvakapfuurira mberi ruzivo rwedu rwekushungurudzika kwevanhu munzanga (SAD).
2 - Vamwe vanhu vane SAD Vanopindura zviri nani kune CBT kupfuura vamwe
Kana wakagamuchira kugadzirisa-behavioral therapy (CBT) uye / kana kuti mishonga yekushungurudzika kwevanhu munzanga , zvichida kuti kusarudzwa kwemishonga kwakabva kune maonero ehutungamiri uyo aichengetedza, zvinopfuura zviratidzo kwauri semurwere .
Izvozvo zvinogona kuchinja zvose, nekutsvakurudza kuongorora kubatsira kwe "neuromarkers" mukufanotaura kuti varwere vachapindura zvakadini kune mamwe marudzi emishonga. Iyi nharaunda dzeuropi dzinozivikanwa panguva dzezvizivikanwe sevashandi magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Mukudzidza kwe2013 yakatungamirirwa naJohn D. Gabrieli kunze kweMassachusetts Institute of Technology, uye yakatsigirwa neNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), yakawanikwa kuti pakati pevane 39 vane SAD vakagamuchira masvondo gumi nemaviri eBBCT, avo vanowedzera akasimba zvakasimba pazviso zvakatsamwa (zvichibva pakatarisa maitiro europi zvazvo) zvakaratidza kuvandudza zviri nani.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvingave zvichigoneka kuziva vanhu avo vanowanzoita zviri nani kune CBT yekushungurudzika kwevanhu munzanga .
3 - Kufungisisa Kunogona Kubatsira Avo vane SAD
Mukuongorora kwakaitwa muna 2009 kwakatungamirirwa nekutsvakurudza kweStfordford Philippe Goldin, uye yakabudiswa mu Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy , yakawanikwa kuti mapurogiramu 9 (2 mwedzi) yefungwa-based stress stress (kufungisisa kwakatungamirirwa kuisa pfungwa pamanzwiro emumuviri) kwakaguma nekuvandudza maonero wevamwe pakati pevaya vane hutano hwepabonde hwevanhu.
Vanhu vane SAD ndivo vakapedza chirongwa cheMBSR vakaratidzawo hutano hwakanaka hwekuchinja mafungiro avo nekuisa pfungwa, kunyanya kubva kune zvakaipa uye kune zvakanaka.
Kubva pane imaging yeuropi yakaitwa muchidzidzo, zvakaonekwa kuti uropi hwekuita munzvimbo dzakabatana nekuonekwa zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa. Vanhu vane SAD vanowanzoita kuti varege kutarisa kubva kune zvinhu zvavanowana vachityisidzira sevamwe vanhu kana mapoka evanhu. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwekuonekwa kwakaratidzwa muchidzidzo ichi kwakaratidza kuti vanhu vakanga "vachigara nevanokurudzira pane kutiza," maererano naGoldin.
Uku kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kufungisisa , uye kunyanya MBSR, kunogona kubatsira mukuvandudza zviratidzo zvekushungurudzika kwevanhu, kunyanya zvine chokuita nekusafunga maonero uye kusarudzwa.
4 - Kudzidzira muviri kunogona kubatsira avo vane SAD
Uropi hwemunhu hunobereka zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakemikari kusanganisira dopamine (mubairo), serotonin (kuruzorora) uye endorphins (kubatsirwa nemarwadzo).
Mune humwe hutano hwekufungidzirwa kwehuropi-2009 hwakatungamirirwa naCharles Hillman uye hwakabudiswa mupepanhau reNeuroscience , zvakawanikwa kuti kufamba kwakavandudza kugadzirisa kutarisa kwekutarisa kwevana vekare.
Nhoroondo kubva pakutsvakurudza kunodzidzisa kuenzanisa kwekudzidzira kwakanyanya kuwedzera kunyatsoteerera nekudzidzira zvidzidzo; zvisinei, pane imwe tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemigumisiro yekuita muviri muuropi iyo inogona kunge yakakosha yeSAD.
Endorphins yakabudiswa panguva yekurovedza inogona kubatsira kunatsiridza hutano hwakasiyana-siyana hunodiwa kuti hunde hutano hwehutano hwehutano. Somuenzaniso, endorphins yakabudiswa panguva yekurovedza inogona kubatsira neurogenesis, kana hutsva hukura huropi. Kunyangwe zvazvo zvichifungidzira, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kuwedzerwa simba, zvakadai sekujekesa zviri nani kwekufunga uye nekuvandudzwa kwemaonero epasi. Kuita muviri kunogonawo kukurudzira kutarisa zviri nani, izvo zvatatoziva kare (ona kuongorora kwaGoldin pamusoro) kungave kwakakosha kune avo vanowanzotarisa kure mumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu.
Nokudaro, uropi hunotarisa kumusoro unoratidza kusiyana kwehuropi hunoita kana kuti kusina maitiro kunoratidzira rubatsiro rwakanaka rwekurovedza muviri kune avo vane SAD.
5 - Kushushikana Kwemagariro uye Kuziva Kwemazuva Akasiyana
Muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti uropi imaging hunogona kubatsira sei kusagadzikana kwehutano hwehutano hwevanhu hunogona kubva mubasa rekutsvaira nerekutaura. Kunyange zvazvo kufungidzira uye kushamwaridzana kwevanhu vasiri chinhu chimwechete (mavambo anotonyanya kuderedzwa nekushandana kwevanhu pamwe neavo vane kushushikana kwevanhu munzanga vane kutya kwekutya), kunzwisisa maitiro ehuropi akasiyana nemhando dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hunogona kubatsira.
Muna 2005 fMRI kudzidza yakatungamirirwa naMichael Cohen uye yakabudiswa mubhuku rinonzi Cognitive Brain Research , yakawanikwa kuti extroverts yakapindura zvakasimba apo gamba rakabhadharwa. Zvinopikiswa kuti izvi ndizvo zvinokonzera kusiyana kwemubairo wezvikwereti muhupenzi hwekutsvaga (avo vanoda kutorwa kunze).
Saizvozvowo, Hans Eysenck akatsigira kumashure kwema1960 apo vauriri vemuzvinyorwa vane zvidzidzo zvepamusoro zvekumutsa zvakaenzana nekuputika.
Zvose izvi zvinoshandisa pfungwa yokuti extroverts inokurudzira kuburikidza nehupfupi uropi nenzira iyo inosanganisira kuravira, kubata, kuona, uye kuongorora, apo vashandisi vanoshandisa nzira yakareba inosanganisira kurangarira, kuronga, nekugadzirisa matambudziko.
Izvi zvinobatanidza sei neSAD? Izwi rekutanga / extroversion dimension rinoratidzika kuti rinoratidzika kune zvakasiyana-siyana maitiro ehupi pane imwe nheyo; saka, zvingaita sokuti izvi zvingava zvakaoma kuchinja. Kune rumwe rutivi, tinoziva kushungurudzika kwemagariro evanhu kunogona kubudirira kuburikidza nekurapa. Izvi zvinongowedzera pfungwa yokuti SAD nekutaura, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kuchinjwa, hazvisi chinhu chimwe chete.
6 - Kufunganya Kwemhuri Kunogona Kuve Hereditary
Muna 2015 mapepa akabudiswa muZvirevo zveNational Academy of Sciences yeUnited States of America uye akatungamirirwa naNed Kalin weYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Madison, yakaratidzwa kuti kushanda kweimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi kungave yakabatana nehutano kufananidza kune kuzvidya mwoyo .
Chidzidzo chacho chakatarisa 600 rhesus mbongoro kubva kumhuri yakawanda yemarudzi akawanda. Kushandisa basa iyo mbongoro vaduku vaitarisana nekutyisidzira (mutorwa uyo asina kuvatarisa), vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa kugadziriswa kwepamusoro-soro uye huro hwehupfungwa hwekufunga.
Zvavakawana ndezvokuti pane kusagadzikana muzvikamu zvitatu zvepfungwa (the prefrontal-limbic-midbrain circuit) pakati pevanoshungurudzika mbongoro vaduku.
Vakatarisawo kuti 35% yezvakasiyana-siyana mukunyanya kuzvidya mwoyo zvakatsanangurwa nemhuri yekare.
Zvinofadza kuti nzvimbo nhatu dzouropi dzakange dzakabatanidzwa ndezvekuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu: uropi hunoita (uropi hwepakutanga), amygdala (kutya nzvimbo), uye prefrontal cortex (yakakwirira-kufunga).
Ichi chidzidzo chinotitaurira kuti kuzvidya mwoyo kungave kwakave kwakapfuudzwa nekuda kwekuti yakabatana nekushanduka kwezvinhu-yekudzivisa njodzi.
> Sources:
> Cohen MX, Young J, Baek JM, Kessler C, Ranganath C. Misiyano yakasiyana mukuwedzera uye dopamine genetics inofanotaura kuti neural reward rewards. Ubongo Res Cogn Brain Res . 2005; 25 (3): 851-861. doi: 10.1016 / j.cogbrainres.2005.09.018.
> Doehrmann O, Ghosh SS, Polli FE, Reynolds GO, Horn F, Keshavan A, Triantafyllou C, Saygin ZM, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Hofmann SG, Pollack M, Gabrieli JD. Kufanotaura Kuporesa Kupindurwa muHuzhinji Kuzvidya Mwoyo Dambudziko kubva Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. JAMA Psychiatry . January 2013. 70 (1): 87-97.
> Fox AS, Oler JA, Shackman AJ, et al. Intergenerational neural mediators of early-life anxiety temperament. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA . 2015; 112 (29): 9118-9122. doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1508593112.
> Goldin P, Ramel W, Gross J. Mindfulness Kufungisisa Kudzingisa uye Kuzvidzivirira Kuita Kuita Muhutano Kuzvidya Mwoyo Dambudziko: Maitiro uye Neural Effects. J Cogn Psychother . 2009; 23 (3): 242-257. doi: 10.1891 / 0889-8391.23.3.242.
> Hillman CH, Pontifex MB, Raine LB, Castelli DM, EE Hall, Kramer AF. Migumisiro Yakaoma Yakagadziriswa Kufamba Pamusoro peCognitive Control uye Chikoro Chinobudirira Mu Preadolescent VANA. Neuroscience . 2009; 159 (3): 1044-1054. doi: 10.1016 / j.neuroscience.2009.01.057.