Kunyatsoongorora "Chechitatu Chesi" MuPsychology
Humanistic Psychological is a perspective that emphasizes the look at the individual and stresses ideas such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization. Panzvimbo pokuisa pfungwa pahutachiona, pfungwa dzevanhu dzinoedza kubatsira vanhu kuzadzisa zvavanogona uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo.
Humanistic psychology, iyo inowanzonzi sekusarudzira vanhu, yakabuda mukati me1950 sekushushikana ne psychoanalysis uye hutsika hunoitisa pfungwa dzepfungwa panguva iyoyo.
Psychoanalysis yakaisa pfungwa pakunzwisisa zvisinganzwisisiki zvinokurudzira hutsika apo hutsika huchidzidza maitiro ekugadzirisa anounza maitiro.
Vanofungidzira vevanhu vaifunga kuti zvose zvepfungwa nehutano hwekuzvibata zvakange zvisingafungi, zvichida kunyanya kufunga nezvekunetseka kwemanzwiro kana kusakwanisa kufunga nezvebasa rekuzvisarudzira.
Zvisinei, hazvifaniri kufungidzira nezvezvikoro izvi zvitatu semakwikwi. Davi rega rega rezvepfungwa rakaita kuti tive nekunzwisisa kwepfungwa dzevanhu nemafambiro. Humanistic Psychology yakawedzerazve chimwe chimiro chinotora maonero akazara evanhu.
Chii Chinonyanya Kukurukurwa neHanististic Psychology?
Sezvazvakaitika, pfungwa dzevanhu dzinotarisa pane zvakakosha zveumwe neumwe uye dzakasimbisa kukosha kwekukura uye kuzvitonga . Kutenda kwakakosha kwepfungwa dzevanhu ndeyekuti vanhu vakanaka zvakanaka uye kuti matambudziko epfungwa nemagariro evanhu anokonzerwa nokusavhiringidzika kubva kune chimiro chechisikigo.
Kubatana kwevanhu kunoratidzawo kuti vanhu vane sangano rega rega uye kuti vanokurudzirwa kushandisa rusununguko rwokusarudza kuita zvinhu zvichavabatsira kuti vaite zvido zvavo zvizere sevanhu. Ichi chinodikanwa chekuzadzikiswa uye kukura iwe pachako chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti tive nemafambiro ose. Vanhu vari kuramba vachitsvaka nzira itsva dzekukura, kuva nani, kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, nekuwana kukura kwepfungwa uye kuzvipira-kugadzirisa.
Nhoroondo Pfupi yeHumanistic Psychology
Kutanga kwokutanga kwepfungwa dzevanhu zvakakanganiswa zvikuru nemabasa evamwe vashoma vanyori, kunyanya Abraham Maslow naCar Rogers. Vamwe vanyori vakakurumbira vaifungidzira vanhu vaisanganisira Rollo May naErich Fromm.
Muna 1943, Maslow akarondedzera hutungamiri hwake hwezvido mu "A Theory of Human Motivation" yakabudiswa muPsychological Review. Gare gare munguva yekupera kwema1950, Abraham Maslow, nemamwe magwekori ezvepfungwa vakabata misangano kuzokurukura kuwedzera sangano rezvemhizha rakagadzirirwa kune imwe nzira yevanhu inoshandiswa mune zvepfungwa. Vakabvuma kuti nyaya dzakadai sokuzvitsvaga, kugadzirwa, unhu humwe, uye nyaya dzakabatana dzaiva nheyo dzenzira iyi nzira itsva.
Muna 1951, Carl Rogers akadhinda Client-Centered Therapy , iyo yakatsanangura nzira yake yekuita zvevanhu, inotarirwa nevatengi-nzira yekurapa. Muna 1961, Journal of Humanistic Psychology yakagadzwa.
Yaiva muna 1962 iyo American Association for Humanistic Psychology yakaumbwa uye muna 1971, pfungwa dzevanhu dzakagadzirwa neAAA .
Muna 1962, Maslow akabudiswa Toward a Psychology of Being , umo akatsanangura manzwiro evanhu se "chechitatu simba" mune zvepfungwa. Ikokutanga neyechipiri masimba aiva maitiro uye psychoanalysis maererano.
Chii Chakanga Chichiita Kuchinja Kwepfungwa Kwakave?
Sangano revanhu rakange rine simba guru pamusangano wepfungwa uye rakapa nzira itsva dzekufunga nezvehutano hwepfungwa. Yakapa nzira itsva yokunzwisisa maitiro evanhu uye zvinokurudzira uye yakatungamirira pakugadzira nzira itsva uye maitiro ekurapwa kwepfungwa .
Zvimwe zvepfungwa huru nemafungiro akaonekwa semugumisiro weboka revanhu rinosanganisira kusimbiswa kune zvinhu zvakadai se:
- Kuzvifunga
- Mutungamiri wezvidikanwi
- Zvisingatarisirwi zvakanaka
- Mazvokuda
- Mutevedzeri-inonyanya kurapwa
- Kuzvigadzirisa
- Munhu anoshanda-zvizere
- Peak zvakaitika
Simba uye Kururamisa kweHumanistic Psychology
Rimwe remasimba makuru ekunyanya kwepfungwa dzevanhu nderokuti rinosimbisa basa romumwe munhu.
Ichi chikoro chepfungwa chinopa vanhu mari yakawanda mukugadzirisa nekugadzirisa hutano hwavo hwepfungwa.
Inotorawo kutungamirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Panzvimbo pokufungisisa nezvepfungwa dzedu dzomukati uye zvido zvedu, mafungiro evanhu evanhu anoratidzawo kuti zvakatipoteredza zvine simba pane zvakaitika kwatiri.
Humanistic Psychology yakabatsira kubvisa chimwe chekunyadzisa kwakagadzirirwa kurapwa uye kwakaita kuti zvive zvakagamuchirwa kune vanhu vakanaka, vane utano kuti vaongorore mano avo uye zvigaro kuburikidza nekurapa.
Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa dzevanhu dzichiri kuramba dzichikonzera kurapwa, dzidzo, utano hwehutano, uye dzimwe nzvimbo, hazvina kumbove pasina kushorwa.
Humanistic Psychology inowanzoonekwa sechinyanya kutenderera; kukosha kwezvimwe zviitiko zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kunyatsodzidza uye kuongorora zviitiko zvevanhu. Tingaita sei zvakakwana kana mumwe munhu achizviona? Mhinduro yacho, hongu, ndeyokuti hatigone. Tinogona kungovimba nemunhu pachake kuongorora kwezvavanoziva.
Chimwe chikonzero chikuru chekutsoropodza ndechekuti maonero haasvikiki; hapana nzira yakarurama yekuyera kana kuenzanisa hutsika idzi.
Shoko Rinobva
Mazuva ano, pfungwa dzepfungwa dzepfungwa dzevanhu dzinogona kuonekwa mune dzakawanda dzedzidzo dzinosanganisira mamwe masangano ekufunga nezvepfungwa, dzidzo, kurapa, sangano rezvematongerwo enyika, uye dzimwe nzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, transpersonal psychology uye maitiro akanaka epfungwa anonyanya kukoshesa zvakakosha zvevanhu.
Zvinangwa zvepfungwa dzevanhu zvinoramba zvakakosha nhasi sezvazvakanga zvakaita muma1940 nema1950. Humanistic psychology inoedza kupa simba kune vamwe, kusimbisa hukama hwakanaka, kusimbisa vanhu kuti vazadzise zvavanogona, nekuvandudza mharaunda pasi rose.
> Sources:
> Greening, T. Zvishanu zvinyorwa zvemashoko evanhu evanhu. Nyaya yeHumanistic Psychology. 2006; 46 (3): 239-239. doi: 10.1177 / 002216780604600301
> Schneider, KJ, Pierson, JF, & Bugental, JFT. The Handbook of Humanistic Psychology: Dzidziso, Tsvakurudzo, uye Kuita. Zviuru Oaks: CA: SAGE Publications; 2015.