Akaongorora kukosha kwerudo uye kushamwaridzana kwevanhu
Harry Harlow akanga ari muongorori wepfungwa weAmerica anoyeukwa zvakanakisisa nekuda kweuwandu hwekukakavadzana uye kazhinji hutsinye hunotyisa hutsva ne rhesus monkeys. Kuti awane migumisiro yekuparadzaniswa kwechizvaro uye kusangana nevamwe, Harlow akaisa makomana makomana mumakamuri akaroga. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuedza kwakaisa kuisa madhongi nemadzimai akasiyana-siyana akaitwa nematare kana shati kuti aone kuti mbongoro idzi dzakasarudzwa.
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, mbongoro dzakakurira muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kwenguva yakareba semwedzi 24, zvichiita kuti pave nekuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa kwakasimba.
Kutsvakurudza kweHarlow kwakabatsira zvikuru pakunzwisisa kwedu kukosha kwekutarisira, rudo, uye hukama hwehukama pakutanga kwehupenyu. Mune rumwe ruongorori rwemapfungwa epfungwa dzepamusoro dzezana remakore rechi20, Harlow yakarongerwa seiri 26 rinonyanya kutaurwa mupfungwa yepfungwa.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwake, basa rake, uye zvipo zvake kune zvepfungwa.
"Kusvikira rudo kana rudo rune hanya, vanachipangamazano vepfungwa vakakundikana mubasa ravo. Zvishoma zvatinoziva nezverudo hazvipfuuri kutarisa zvinyoronyoro, uye zvishoma zvatinonyora pamusoro pazvo zvakanyorwa zviri nani nevanyori nevanyori." - Harry Harlow, "The Nature of Love," 1958
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa
- Kusarudzwa kwevanhu varikuongororwa ne rhesus monkeys
Kuberekwa uye Rufu
- Harry Harlow akaberekwa musi waOctober 31, 1905, mu Fairfield, Iowa.
- Akafa musi waDecember 6, 1981, muTuscan, Arizona.
Upenyu Hwake Hwokutanga
Harry Harlow (akaberekwa Harry Harry) akakurira muIowa uye akazoenda kuReed College muPortland, Oregon kwegore rimwe. Mushure mokupfuura muedzo wakakodzera, akanyoresa kuStanford University apo akatanga svondo guru reChirungu.
Makero ake akanga akaipa zvokuti mushure memesera imwechete iye akatendeukira kuchikoro chepfungwa.
Ari paStanford, Harlow akadzidza nemudzidzi wezvepfungwa Lewis Terman uyo akanga atanga kuongorora kweStanford-Binet yekuongorora . Muna 1930, akawana Ph.D. wake. mune Psychology uye akazochinja zita rake rokupedzisira kubva kuIsrael kusvika kuHarlow.
Basa reHarlow nekutsvakurudza
Pashure pokunge apedza kudzidza kuStanford, Harlow akapiwa nzvimbo paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Madison. Paaiva pachikoro, akaisa pabasa rekupayona Primate Laboratory apo aizoita nharo dzake dzekutarisana nevamwe . Hurlow's series series of experiments yakagadziridzwa pakati pe 1957 na1963 uye zvakabatanidza kuparadzanisa vaduku vana rhesus mbongoro kubva kumadzimai avo nguva pfupi mushure mekuberekwa. Mucheche makomana aiva panzvimbo yakakwidzwa nematare emhando monkey mama.
Mune imwe shanduro yekuedza, imwe ye "vanaamai" yakagadzirwa zvachose kubva padambo uye imwe yacho yakafukidzwa nejira shangu. Harlow akawana kuti pasinei nokuti chirasi chakafukidza amai chakapa zvokudya, mhuru dzecheche dzaizomunamatira kuti anyaradzwe. Kune rumwe rutivi, mbongoro dzaizongosarudza amai vese pavakapa zvokudya.
Harlow akabudisa migumisiro yake pagungano regore negore reAmerican Psychological Association muna 1958 uye akarondedzerawo zvaakawana mumusoro wake wekare wakanzi "The Nature of Love" mumagazini yeAmerica Psychologist .
Ongororo yakazotevera yakatarisa kusurukirwa kwevanhu uye nekusimudza rhesus monkeys pamwe chete kana kuti zvishoma. Harlow nevadzidzi vake vakaona kuti kuparadzana kwakadaro kwakaita kuti pave nemigumisiro yakasiyana-siyana yakaipa kusanganisira kuvhiringidzwa kwakanyanya kwepfungwa uye kunyange rufu.
Chii chaive Harry Harlow Mipiro yePychology?
Kuongorora kweHarlow kwaishamisa uye kukakavadzana. Vazhinji vanozoonekwa sevasina maturo nemazuva ano. Zvisinei, tsvakurudzo yake yakaita basa rinokosha pakuumba maonero edu ekusimudzirwa kwevana. Kunyanya kufunga mupfungwa munguva yeHarlow kwakaratidza kuti kuteerera vana vaduku kwaizo "kuparadza" uye kuti rudo runofanira kuva rwakakwana.
Basa raHarlow panzvimbo paro rakaratidza kukosha kwakakwana kwekudzivirirwa, kuchengeteka, uye kutsigira hukama hwepfungwa nevatarisiri pavanenge vachiri vaduku.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzenguva iyoyo dzaifungawo kuti kudya ndiko kwaiva simba guru pakati pezvisungo zveamai nevana. Basa reHarlow rakaratidza kuti kana kudyidzana kwakakosha, ihwo hukama hwepedyo uye hukama hunotipa nyaradzo uye kuchengeteka izvo mwana anoda mukugadzirwa kwemuitiro. Basa reHarlow pamwe chete nevamwe vatsvakurudzi kusanganisira wepfungwa dzepfungwa John Bowlby uye vanachiremba vanachiremba vana Benjamin Spock vakabatsira kuparadzanisa kushanduka kwatinoenda pakuchengeta vana nekurera vana.
Selected Publications
- Harlow, HF (1950. Migumisiro yezvipembenene zvakakura zvegortical pane tsika dzakadzidziswa mumonke. Sayenzi .
- Harlow, HF (1958). Biological uye Biochemical Bases of Conduct. University of Wisconsin Press.
- Harlow, HF, et al. (1971). Zvinosuruvarisa: Zvidzidzo mukuderera. Psychology Nhasi 4 (12) , 61-63.
- Harlow, HF (1973). Mukadzi anokonzera kushandura-kutengesa amai vachidzidza kushamwaridzana nevana vemucheche. Maitiro Okutsvakurudza Maitiro 5 (3), 269-272.
- Harlow, HF (1975). Chido, latency, uye rudo: Simian zvakavanzika zvekubudirira pabonde. Nyaya Yezvepabonde Tsvakurudzo 11 (2), 79-90.
Kunyorerwa Kuverenga
- Harlow, HF (1958). Mhando yorudo. Chiremba wepfungwa dzeAmerica, 13, 673-685.
- Blum, D. (2002). Rudo paGoon Park . New York: Perseus Publishing.