Clinical Psychological is branch of psychology inosangana nekuongorora uye kurapa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa, maitiro asina kunaka, uye matambudziko epfungwa. Iyi munda inobatanidza sainzi yepfungwa nehutano hwezvinetso zvevanhu zvakaoma, zvichiita kuti ive basa rinonakidza remabasa kune vanhu vari kutsvaga munda wakaoma uye unobatsira.
Nhau dzekare
Mavambo ekutanga mumunda wekliniki yepfungwa inosanganisira basa reAustria psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud . Akanga ari mumwe wekutanga kutarisa pane pfungwa yokuti chirwere chepfungwa chaiva chinhu chaigona kurapwa nokutaura nemurwere, uye chaiva kukura kwekutaura kwake nzira yekurapa iyo inowanzotaurwa sekushandiswa kwesayenzi kwechirwere chepfungwa.
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzeAmerica Lightner Witmer akazarura kliniki yepfungwa yekutanga muna 1896 nechinangwa chekubatsira vana vane urema hwekudzidza. Yakanga iriwo Witmer uyo akatanga kuzivisa izwi rokuti "clinical psychology" mumapeji 1907.
Witmer, aimbova mudzidzi waWilhelm Wundt , akatsanangura chirwere chepfungwa chechirwere se "kudzidza kwevanhu, nekucherechedza kana kuedza, nechinangwa chokusimudzira shanduko." Nhasi, kliniki yepfungwa ndeimwe yezvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvakakurumbira uye imwe chete yepamusoro yebasa basa mune zvepfungwa.
Pakazosvika gore ra1914, mamwe makiriniki akazvipira kune chiitiko chekurapa kwepfungwa yakagadzirwa muUnited States.
Kuchinja Kwezvinhu MuHondo Yenyika
Kemikiriniki yepfungwa yakatanga kusimbiswa munguva yeHondo Yenyika I sezvo vashandi vakaratidza kubatsira kwekupfungwa kwepfungwa. Muna 1917, American Association of Clinical Psychology yakagadzwa, kunyange yakashandurwa makore maviri chete gare gare nekugadzwa kweAmerican Psychological Association (APA).
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vakadanwa kuti vobatsire kubata icho chaive chichizivikanwa seholl shock, iko zvino kunonzi se -post-traumatic stress disorder . Icho chaiva chido chevashandi kuti vabate varwi vazhinji vakadzoka vachida kuchengetwa kwakabatsira pakukura kwechirwere chepfungwa munguva iyi. Munguva yemakore makumi mana, maUnited States akanga asina mapurogiramu akapa chirongwa chepamutemo muchechi yepfungwa. Sangano reUnited States Veterans rakagadzira mapurogiramu akawanda ekurovedza mazinga uye muna 1950, zvinodarika hafu yeF.D.-level degrees mune zvepfungwa dzakapiwa munzvimbo yekurapa kwepfungwa.
Kuchinja Mukutarira
Kunyange zvazvo kutarisa kwepakutanga mumakiriniki epfungwa kwakange yave yakanyanya kunyanya kusayenzi uye kutsvakurudza, zvirongwa zvekupedza kudzidza zvakatanga kuwedzera kuwedzera kwekusimudzira nezvepfungwa . Mumakiriniki epfungwa Ph.D. mapurogiramu, nzira iyi nhasi inonzi inonzi scientist-practitioner kana Boulder Model . Gare gare, Psy.D. dhigirii sarudzo yakasimuka iyo yakaisa kukoshesa kukuru pane unyanzvi hwemhizha panzvimbo yekutsvakurudza. Iyi chiremba-chinotarisirwa chiremba chiremba muchipatara chepfungwa inozivikanwa sechiremba -nyanzvi kana kuti Vail muenzaniso .
Munda wakaramba uchikura zvakanyanya uye chido chechipatara chemagariro ezuva ranhasi chinoramba chakasimba.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics 'Occupational Outlook Handbook inofanotaura kuti mabasa mumakiriniki, kupa mazano, uye kuchikoro kwepfungwa kuchakura 14 kubva kubva muna 2016 kusvika muna 2026, iyo iri kukurumidza kudarika yevhareji.
Dzidzo Yedzidzo
MuUnited States, kliniki dzepfungwa dzechipatara dzinowanzove nedhigiriyiti mune zvepfungwa uye dzinogamuchira kudzidziswa mumagariro echechi. Zvidzidzo zvekudzidzira kushanda mumakiriniki epfungwa zvakanyanyisa, uye vazhinji vekuchirapa kwepfungwa vanopedza pakati pemakore mana kusvika kumatanhatu mukupedza chikoro mushure mekuwana chikoro chechikoro .
Iko kune maitiro maviri akasiyana-siyana anowanika- Ph.D. uye Psy.D.
Kazhinji, Ph.D. mapurogiramu anowanikwa mukutsvakurudza, nepo Psy.D. mapurogiramu maitiro-maitiro. Vamwe vadzidzi vanogonawo kuwana mapurogiramu ekudzidza anopa chiremba chekugadzirisa chiremba muchipatara chepfungwa.
Usati wasarudza chirongwa chemakiriniki epfungwa, unofanira kugara uchitarisa kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti chirongwa chinogamuchirwa neAmerican Psychological Association. Mushure mekunge vapedzisa chirongwa chekudzidziswa kupedza kudzidza, avo vanotarisirwa muchipatara chepfungwa vanofanirwawo kupedzisa nguva yekugadziriswa kwepamusoro uye kuongorora.
Zvimwe zvinodhaka zvekuregererwa kwemvumo zvinokonzerwa nehurumende, saka unofanira kutarisa nebhodhi rako rechikwata chemahofisi kuti udzidze zvakawanda.
Vadzidzi muUnited Kingdom vanogona kutevera chiremba chechiremba chiremba muchipatara chepfungwa (D.Clin.Psychol kana kuti Clin.Psy.D.) kuburikidza nemapurogiramu anotsigirwa neNational Health Service. Aya mapurogiramu anowanzokwikwidzana uye anonyanya kufunga nezvekutsvakurudza nekuita. Vadzidzi vanofarira kunyora mune rimwe remapurogiramu vanofanira kuva nedhigirii repayimirese muchikoro chepfungwa chinogamuchirwa neBrithani Psychological Society mukuwedzera pane zvavanoda.
Shandisa Maitiro uye Job Basa
Vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vanogara vachishanda muzvigaro zvezvechiremba, maitiro evanhu vari voga, kana mune zvidzidzo zvedzidzo kumayunivhesiti uye makoroji. Zvimwe zvipatara zvepfungwa zvinoshanda zvakananga nevatengi, kazhinji avo vanotambura nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye zvidimbu zvehutano hwepfungwa. Zvimwe zvipatara zvepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinogona kushanda mumagadzirirwo ega ega ekurapwa kwekutarisira kupa kwenguva pfupi uye kwenguva yakareba mabasa ekurasikirwa kune vanotengi vanoda rubatsiro kurwisana nekutambudzika kwepfungwa. Zvimwe zvipatara zvepfungwa dzinoita mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuita tsvakurudzo, kudzidzisa yunivhesiti-level courses, nekupa mazano ekubvunzurudza.
Zvimwe zvebasa basa rinoitwa nevaya vanoshanda mumakiriniki epfungwa zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kuongorora uye kuongororwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa
- Kurapa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa
- Kupa uchapupu mumitemo yepamutemo
- Kudzidzisa
- Kuita tsvakurudzo
- Zvinodhaka uye kunwa doro
- Kugadzira nekupa mapurogiramu ekurapa nekudzivirira matambudziko evanhu
Approaches
Vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vanoshanda semagadziro echipfungwa vanowanzoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokurapa pavanenge vachishanda nevatengi. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanachiremba vanofunga nezvekurapa kwakanyanya, vakawanda vanoshandisa izvo zvinonzi sevanoshambadza. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora pane nzira dzakasiyana dzedzidziso yekugadzira hurongwa hwakanakisisa hwekurapa kune umwe neumwe mutengi.
Zvimwe zvepfungwa huru dzedzidziso mukati mekurapwa kwepfungwa dzinosanganisira:
- Pfungwa yePyydydynamic: Maonero aya akakura kubva mubasa repanistanalyst Sigmund Freud, uyo aifunga kuti pfungwa isina ruzivo inobatanidzwa basa rinokosha mumitemo yedu. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinoshandisa chirwere chepalanalytic dzingashandisa maitiro akadai serusununguko rusununguko kuti ruongorore ruzivo rwomutengi, ruzivo rusingazivi.
- Kugadzirisa mafungiro ekuona: Iyi nzira yekurapa kwepfungwa yakatanga kubva kuzvikoro zvekuzvibata uye zvekufunga. Vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vanoshandisa maonero aya vachatarisa kuti manzwiro emubereki, maitiro ake, nemafungiro ake anoshanda sei. Kuziva-maitiro-behavioral therapy (CBT) kazhinji inotarisa kuchinja pfungwa nekuzvibata zvinobatsira pakufunga kwepfungwa.
- Maonero evanhu: Iyi nzira yekurapa kwepfungwa yakakura kubva mubasa revanhu vanofunga nezvevanhu, saAbraham Maslow naCar Rogers . Iko maonero anotarisa mutengi kune zvakakwana uye anonyanya kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakadai sokuzvitsvaga uye kubatsira vanhu kuti vaone zvakakwana.
Shoko Rinobva
Clinical Psychological is one of the most popular areas in psychology, but it is important to evaluate your interests before you decide whether this area is right for you. Kana iwe unonakidzwa kushanda nevanhu uye unokwanisa kugadzirisa kushungurudzika uye kukakavara zvakanaka, kliniki yepfungwa ingasarudzwa zvakanaka. Munda wekliniki yepfungwa inoramba ichikura uye kuchinja nekuda kwekuchinja kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu, pamwe chete nekushandura mune nzira yerudzi rwehutano hwehutano. Kana iwe uchiri kuve nechokwadi kana kliniki yepiriniti yakakodzera iwe, izvi zvepfungwa yekuzvidzivirira maitiro zvinogona kubatsira.
> Sources:
> Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists. US Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Yakasunungurwa naJanuary 30, 2018.
> Carr A. Clinical Psychology: An Kutanga. London: Routledge; 2012.
> Trull TJ, Prinstein M. Clinical Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2013.