Mubvunzo: "Ndinogara ndichinzwa vanhu vachikurukura nezvekubatsira kwekufunga kwakanaka. Ndeipi kunyatsofunga zvakanaka uye ingashandiswa sei kuvandudza utano uye hukama hwakanaka?"
Mhinduro:
Unowanzoona girazi sehafu isina chinhu kana hafu yakazara here? Iwe pamwe wakanzwa mubvunzo iwoyo nguva zhinji. Mhinduro yako inobatanidza zvakananga nepfungwa yekufunga kwakanaka uye kana iwe une maonero akanaka kana asina kunaka paupenyu.
Kufungidzira kwakanaka kunoita basa rinokosha mukufunga kwakanaka kwepfungwa , subfield yakagadzirirwa kuongorora zvinokonzera vanhu kufara uye kuzadzika.
Kutsvakurudza kwakawana kuti kufunga kwakanaka kunogona kubatsira mubasa rekutambudzika uye kunyange kutamba basa rinokosha munehutano hwako hwose uye hukama hwakanaka.
Ndezvipi Zvakanaka Kufunga?
"Vakawanda vanhu vari kufara sezvavanoita pfungwa dzavo kuti vave." - Abraham Lincoln
Saka zvakadini kufunga kwakanaka? Iwe unogona kuedzwa kuti ufungisise kuti zvinoreva kuona nyika kuburikidza ne rose rose-mavara lenzi nekusava nehanya kana kujekesa pamusoro pezvakaipa zvehupenyu. Zvisinei, kufunga kwakanaka chaizvo kunoreva kuswedera kumatambudziko ehupenyu nemaonero akanaka. Hazvirevi kureva kudzivisa kana kusaregerera zvinhu zvakaipa; panzvimbo iyo, zvinosanganisira kuita zvakanyanya mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, kuedza kuona zvakanakisisa kune vamwe vanhu, uye kuzviona iwe uye unyanzvi hwako nenzira yakanaka.
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi, kusanganisira nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Martin Seligman , vanowanzotarisa mafungiro akanaka nenzira yekutsanangurwa. Tsanangudzo yako ndeyekuti iwe unotsanangura sei chiitiko chakaitika. Vanhu vane ruzivo rwekutsanangurira tariro vanowanzozvipa chikwereti kana zvinhu zvakanaka zvikaitika, asi zvinowanzomira mhosva kunze kwemasimba emigumisiro yakaipa.
Vanowanzotarisa kuona zviitiko zvisingaiti sezvenguva pfupi uye zvinyengeri.
Kune rumwe rutivi, vanhu vane ruzivo rwekutaura kusina tariro vanowanzozvida mhosva pachavo kana zvinhu zvakaipa zvikaitika, asi vanokundikana kuzvipa chikwereti chakakwana pamigumisiro yakabudirira. Vanewo tsika yekuona zviitiko zvisingadi sezvinotarisirwa nekugara. Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, kuzvipa mhosva pamusoro pezviitiko zvisingaiti zvekutonga kwako kana kutarisa zviitiko zvinosuruvarisa sechikamu chinoramba chiripo chehupenyu hwako chinogona kukukanganisa mafungiro ako.
Vane mafungiro akanaka vanogona kushandisa nzira inotsanangurwa, asi nzira iyo vanhu vanoti zviitiko zvinogonawo kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Semuenzaniso, munhu anowanzofunga zvakanaka angashandisa nzira yakajeka yekutsanangurira maitiro mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zvakadai sebasa kana kuchikoro.
Utano Hwakabatsirwa neKufunga Kwakanaka
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, izvo zvinonzi "simba rekufunga kwakanaka" zvakanyatsocherechedza nekuda kwezvibatsiro mabhuku akadai seChinyorwa. Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku aya e-pop-psychology anowanzova nemafungiro akanaka sechimiro chepfungwa dzepfungwa, kutsvakurudza kwakanyatsoona kuti kune zvakawanda chaizvo zvehutano zvinobatsira zvakabatana nepfungwa dzakanaka uye mafungiro akanaka.
Maererano neMayo Clinic, kufunga kwakanaka kunobatanidza nehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwehutano hunosanganisira:
- Upenyu hurefu kwenguva refu
- Kuderedza kushungurudzika
- Zvikamu zvezasi zvekuora mwoyo
- Kuwedzera kukurwisana nehuwandu hunotonhora
- Kunyanya kushandiswa mupfungwa nekugadzirisa unyanzvi
- Dambudziko rezasi rekufa kwehutano hwepfungwa
- Kuwedzera kwoutano hwakanaka
- Zviri nani utano hwepfungwa
Chimwe chidzidzo chevakuru vakuru vanokwana 1 558 vakawana kuti kufunga kwakanaka kunogonawo kuderedza utera munguva yekwegura.
Zviri pachena, kune zvakawanda zvakabatsiro zvekufunga kwakanaka , asi sei kufungidzira kwakanaka kunobatsira zvakanyanya kuhutano hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa . Imwe nyanzvi ndeyekuti vanhu vanofunga zvakanaka vanotora kusava nekunetseka nekutambudzika.
Chimwe chiitiko ndechekuti vanhu vanofunga zvakanaka vanowanzorarama hupenyu hwehupenyu pamwe chete; vanogona kushandisa zvakawanda, kutevera kudya kunovaka muviri uye kudzivisa maitiro asina kunaka.
Kufungisisa Kwakanaka Kupfuura Zvakanaka Psychology
Kunyange zvazvo kutaura kwakanaka uye pfungwa dzakanaka dzimwe nguva zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana, zvinokosha kunzwisisa kuti haisi chinhu chimwe chete. Kutanga, kufunga kwakanaka ndezvekutarisa zvinhu kubva pane maonero akanaka. Nzira dzakanaka dzepfungwa dzinowanzotarisa kuisa pfungwa kune tarisiro, asi inotaurawo kuti kunyange zvazvo pane zvakawanda zvinobatsira kufunga zvakanaka, pane dzimwe nguva apo mamwe maonero echokwadi anonyanya kubatsira.
Semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kufunga kusina kunaka kunogona kutungamirira kune zvisarudzo zvakarurama uye zviitiko (Alloy, Abramson, & Chiara, 2000). Vatsvakurudzi Peterson & Vaidya vakawanawo kuti pane dzimwe nguva, kufunga kwakasimba kungaita kuti tisaona zvengozi chaiyo dzinobatanidzwa mune imwe sarudzo (2003).
Mafungiro Akanaka Akanaka
Kunyangwe iwe hausi wekuzvarwa-wakaberekwa wakagadzikana, pane zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuti udzidze mafungiro akanaka . Imwe yenhanho dzokutanga ndeyekutarisa pane iwe wechipfeko chemukati uye kuterera iwe pachako-kutaura. Dzvanya zvinotevera mazano kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekuti ungava sei munhu anofungidzira zvakanaka uye kugovera mazano ako akanaka ekufunga.
References
Alloy, L., Abramson, L., & Chiara, A. (2000). Pane nzira iyo tariro inokurudzira utano hwakanaka uye hwepanyama. MuJ. Gillham (ed.) Sayenzi yekutarisira netariro: Nyaya dzekutsvakurudza mukukudza Martin EP Seligman (pp. 201-212). Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.
Peterson, C. & Vaidya, RS (2003). Kufungidzira semasimba uye vice. Muna EC Chang & LJ Sanna (Eds.), Unhu hwakanaka, hunhu, uye unhu: Kuoma kwekuita (pp. 23-37). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Ostir, GV, Ottenbacher, KJ naMarkides, KS (2004). Kutanga kweFrailty muVakuru Vakuru uye Idziviriro Inobatsira Zvakanaka. Psychology nekukwegura, 19 (3) .
Seligman, M. (2006). Kudzidza Kufunga: Ungashandura sei pfungwa dzako uye hupenyu hwako. New York City: Random House.