Neurotransmitters ndivo Messengers of the Brain

Iwe uri kutora Prozac, uye iwe wakanzwa ichitsanangurwa se SSRI. Pamwe unoziva kuti SSRI inomirira sarotonin reuptake inhibitor. Asi izvi zvinonyatsotaura-zvinorevei?

1 - Nhanganyaya kune veEurotransmitter uye SSRIs

Mitemo sekusarudza serotonin reuptake inhibitor , monoamine oxidase inhibitor , uye serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor yose inotsanangura kuti imwe mishonga inoshanda sei. Izvi zvitatu zvakapfupiswa se SSRI, MAOI, uye SNRI, uye zvose zvinoratidzira zvekudzivirira mwoyo.

Kuti zvive nechinangwa chechinhu chipi nechipi cheizvi, zvakakosha kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekuti mishonga inoshandiswa kubva kune imwe nhavo kuenda kune inotevera sezvo mishonga yakadai semafungiro ekusimudzira , antidepressants, uye antipsychotics zvose zvinokanganisa urongwa huno kuunza kuchinja.

Muchikamu chino, ini ndichapa tsanangudzo yakajeka yekuti hutori hwemashoko europi ( neurotransmitters ) hushanda sei uye edza kujekesa nzira kuburikidza nekuudza nyaya inofananidzwa "GABAs Pakufamba."

Cherechedza: Zvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukisa uye mishonga yemishonga yepfungwa dzine mazita akasiyana-siyana anokwanisa kuratidza maikemikari awo (somuenzaniso, tricyclic vanodzvinyirira ), izvo zvavanoshandiswa (anticonvulsants) kana kuwirirana kwezvinhu ( zvakajairika uye zvekare zvinopesana nemasikirwoti, ayo , zvichienderana, zvekare uye mishonga mitsva inobata psychosis ).

2 - Neurotransmitters

Kune maverengi eurotransmitter mazhinji, asi ayo anowirirana zvikuru nezvinetso zvemafungiro akaita se bipolar disorder nde:

• Monoamines - serotonin , norepinephrine , uye dopamine
• GABA (gamma amino butyric acid)
• Glutamate

Mamwe mapurogiramu anonzi neurotransmitter anosanganisira acetylcholine , iyo inotumira mirairo kumisungo; uye histamine, iyo ine zvakawanda zvokuita nemagetsi, kudya kwekudya, kuwedzera kuwanda (kune avo mune mamwe mishonga) uye kurara kwehutano.

Apo shoko rinosvika pane imwe mugumo wesero rejinga, kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunotsika pasi "muswe" wesero (axon) uye kunokonzera kusunungurwa kwemhepo yakakodzera yeurotransmitter. Makorekemu e-neurotransmitter anotumirwa munzvimbo duku pakati pemasero emagetsi, anonzi synaptic cleft. Ikoko, chimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika kune molekemu imwe neimwe:

1. Iyo inogona kusunga (inonamatira) kumagamuchiri ari pedyo neyero cell, tumira mharidzo pairi, ibva muchitora, dzozodzokorora urongwa uhwu kana enda kune imwe yemamwe matanho.
2. Inogona kutenderera mukati me synapse kusvikira imwe yakagadzika inowanika, inosunga kwairi, kusunungurwa nekuenderera mberi nhanho 1 kusvika ku3 kusvikira basa rayo rapera nhanho 4, 5 kana 6.
3. Iyo inogona kusunga kune autoreceptors yekutanga, iyo inotaura kuti sero kuti isasununguke chero imwe yematokari eurotransmitter, wozosiya autoreceptor uye ramba uchiedza kuisunga zvakare pane imwe nzvimbo kusvikira basa rayo rapera neshato 4, 5 kana 6.
4. Iyo inogona kushandiswa kusagadzikana neine enzyme.
5. Inogona kubviswa zvakare nekona yekutanga mumutambo we "reuptake", uye inoshandiswa zvakare kuitira kushandiswa gare gare kana kusadzimwa.
6. Icho chinogona kuparadzaniswa kunze kwechibvumirano uye kuvharwa kune imwe nzvimbo.

Usapindira zvakare mumagumo ezwi pano.

3 - Nei Neurotransmitters Asingashandisi Zvakarurama

Ikozvino, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kutadza nenzira iyi kuti hazvishamisi matambudziko emafungiro evamwe zvakajairika. Semuyenzaniso:

• Nhengo dzemawere (neuroni) dzingave dzisingakwanisi kugadzira zvakaringana neurotransmitter.
• Mamwe akawanda neurotransmitter mamolekemu inogona kuparadzwa kana kusagadziriswa nemakemikari.
• Zvakawanda zvehutachiona hunogona kusunungurwa.
• Mamolekoro angangodzokororwa zvakare nokukurumidza nevatengesi ve reuptake.
• Ivo autoreceptors inogona kushandiswa munguva pfupi, ichivhara kusunungurwa kweeurotransmitter molecules zvishoma nezvishoma.

Nzira dzinoshandiswa nemagetsi anokanganisa zvikamu, zvakadai se potassium, sodium, chloride kana calcium, dzinobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa dambudziko racho. Zvakakwana kuita kuti musoro wako utambure, handizvo here?

4 - Kutaurirana paBongo Complex (kana kuti "GABAs")

Kune nyaya yedu, ngatishandure zvikamu zvinoratidzwa pamusoro apa pane chimwe chinhu chatinoziva - zvikamu zvemuvakidzani. Idzo neuroni mbiri dziri kuvaka A (kumusoro) uye kuvaka B (pasi) yeBongo Complex. Vanoparadzaniswa nemugwagwa wakamanikana (synapse kana synaptic cleft).

Iko GABA kugadzirisa bhokisi kubva pamufananidzo 1 iko zvino iri mudziyo wemvura. Chinhu chimwe nechimwe chine maurolekoriti eurotransmitter anova motokari yakazara nevatumwa veGABA Team. Izvo zvekugamuchira uye autoreceptor zvive matumba efoni. Iyo reuptake mutengesi, uko maurotransmitter anonyorerwa zvakare kuti adzokerezve, anoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo inofadza hofi. Uye iyo enzymes inouraya pamakumbo. (Hapana kukanganisa kunoreva kuti vanoda motokari!)

Saka, kumusoro kwekuvaka A, mutyairi wega imwe yekutakura anowana foni kubva kuhofisi yepamusoro (ndiyo iyo yepamusoro yeeuron's body body, isina kuratidzwa) pafoni yake: "Tumira iyi shoko pamusoro paB Building B!" Uye pakarepo zvinhu zvinotanga kuitika.

5 - Mutumwa Neurotransmitters Tora Kure

Pakarepo vatyairi vanotora motokari dzavo (ndiko kuti, vesicles) kugaraji rekubuda uye vanosunungura GABA Team messengers (neurotransmitters) mumugwagwa (synaptic cleft) pakati peDzimba A (kutumira neuron) uye Building B (iyo inogamuchira neuron). Kufanana nevatsitsi, vaGABA vanobvisa nokukurumidza, mumwe nomumwe achitsvaga imba yefoni iyo inofanana neyunifomu yake (haikwanisi kupinda mune imwe mhando yemuvara).

Gertrude, Gerald, naGloria vanosvika ikoko kutanga. Kurumidza kuisa svondo imwe neimwe mumatumba (receptor) uye inoita foni muhofisi (cell body) yeDzimba B, kutumira shoko. Ipapo mumwe nomumwe anodzokera kumugwagwa (synapse) uye anotarisa rimwe dumba. Vose GABA vatumwa vari kutarisana vari kunze kwenzira (uye vachivhara motokari) kuti vapinde mumatumba akawanikwa uye vanoita foni imwechete kana vakapinda.

6 - Zvinhu Zvinogona Kuenda Zvakaipa kune veEurotransmitter

Asi kune dzimwe misungo uye njodzi dzeGABA team. George GABA haamboiti kuti pave kuvaka B zvachose - akave asina kugumburwa nechechikoro-akatasva mhondi (enzyme). Mavara ake anochinja anoreva kuti akanganwa shoko ikozvino-chaizvoizvo, ave "asina kumira." Kana nhume dzakawanda dzakawanda dzichirohwa nemotokari yemhondi, hazvikwanisi zvekuti dzichapona kuti dzipfuurire shoko kuB Building, iyo yekugamuchira musero cell.

Zvichakadaro, Glenn GABA akaenda kuimba yefoni yakabatanidzwa paDzimba A. "Kune vazhinji vedu isu pano," anodaro pamberi pehofisi. "Usatumira zvakare." Kunyange zvakadaro, iye anobva adzokera kumugwagwa achienda kumatumba eB Building B. Kunonguva iyo hofisi yepamberi inowana mafoni akakwana saG Glenn ndeyevatengesi vemashambairi vakaudza kuti vadzokere kumotokari yemhepo uye kwete kutumirazve vamwe vatumwa kunze. Kana vakawanda veGABA vanoita nheyo imwe chete nokukurumidza, vatumwa vashomanana vanogona kutumirwa kubva kuvaka A. Kana maGABA mashomanana vashoma, vanogona kunge vari nenzira dzakawanda vatumwa vanoshanyira mahofisi efoni (receptors) eDzimba B.

Uye ipapo kune iyo inonyengedza hove yekutengesa (reuptake mutengesi) kune imwe kona yeZvumba A. Kana nhume yakafanana naGary pano inosvika pedyo zvakakwana kuti inhuwidze kunhuhwirira kwekumusoro kwekofi nemafuta, iye zvechokwadi achayamwa, uye kamwe mukati, ichazorodzwa uye dzozodzokera kumudziyo wemvura kuti unomirira basa rinotevera. Kunyange zvazvo pakupedzisira, GABA dzose dziripo dzichadzoka kumba kuburikidza nechitoro chekofi, kana iine sarudzo yepamusoro yeotiroti, vatumwa vazhinji vanogona kuenda kuchitoro vasati vapedzisa mabasa avo.

Pasinei nokuti zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakakwana kana zvinetso zvinomuka, chiitiko chose chakatora kupfuura millisecond.

7 - Dzokera kuSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Takatanga kutaura pamusoro pezvinoreva izwi rokuti "sarudza serotonin reuptake inhibitor," iyo iri boka remishonga inosanganisira Prozac, Paxil , Zoloft , nevamwe. Yeuka hovha yekofi mumifananidzo? Ndiyo reuptake transporter, uye imwe nyanzvi pamusoro pekuora mwoyo ndeyokuti hakuna kukwana kweeurotransmitter serotonin inowanika mumasipapasi kutumira mashoko kubva kune imwe neuron kune imwe. Basa reSSRI nderokusarudza zvikafu zvekhofi serotonin (reuptake vatengesi) kusvikira serotonin vatumwa vachinge vakaonana neDzimba 2 (iyo inogamuchira musero wesero) zvikuru nguva dzakawanda kupfuura inowanzoitika muuropi hwomunhu uyu. Nokudaro, mishonga iyi inonyanya kudzivisa reuptake ye serotonin.

Uye yeuka kuti aya mharidzo haisi kungobva pane imwe neuron kune imwe. Vari kubva kumamiriyoni emasero emasero kune mamiriyoni evamwe mumaketani akawanda. Kana izvi zvisiri kuitika zvakanaka, zvinetso zvepfungwa uye zvirwere zvepanyama zvinogona kuva mugumisiro.