Kubva pakuita maitiro ehupenyu kusvika pakufungidzira
Kudzidza nheyo ndeye izwi rakazara rinosanganisira mazano akawanda ehutano anobva pachidzidzo chekudzidza. Kudzidza nheyo yacho yakadzika mubasa raIvan Pavlov, uyo akakwanisa kudzidzisa imbwa kuti dzikwanise kurira kwebhero.
Behaviorism
Kuita maitiro ndeye dzidziso yekudzidza inoedza kutsanangura maitiro evanhu uye mhinduro maererano nemitemo yakadzidza.
Iyi pfungwa yakabva kuna Ivan Pavlov uye nheyo yake inozivikanwa sa classical conditioning . Kubatwa kwembwa kwaiva kugadzirisa zvakakwana kuvapo kwenyama. Nokukwirirana nekuratidzwa kwenyama pamwe nekurira kwebhero, Pavlov akakwanisa kugadzirisa imbwa kuti dzipindure kune mutsva mutsva (bhero). Pakupedzisira, imbwa dzakanyarara pavakanzwa bhero, kunyange apo nyama yakanga isipo.
BF Skinner akajekesa pane yaPavlov. Basa rake rakatanga kushandiswa kwemagetsi . Mune hutsika huripo, hutsika hunosimbiswa hunoenderera mberi, asi mufambiro unorangwa kana kusimbiswa unoguma wakamira.
Zvose kusimbisa nekuranga zvinogona kuva zvisina kunaka kana zvakanaka, zvichienderana nokuti mubairo wakanaka kana wakaipa uri kupiwa kana kubviswa. Nhasi, kusimbiswa kunoratidzika sekubudirira zvakanyanya kudarika kurangwa mukuchinja maitiro.
Cognitive Theory
Nzwisisiro yekufungisisa inotarisa pane pfungwa dzemunhu sechinhu chakakosha chekufunga kwezvaanonzwa uye manzwiro ake.
Mhinduro dzedu dzinoita zvinonzwisisika mukati medu maonero edu enyika. Nokudaro, maererano nedzidziso yekufungisisa, zvinokosha kuchinja pfungwa dzemunhu nezvitendero kuitira kuti achinje maitiro ake. Kugadziriswa kwemashoko ndeyekuti nzira iyi yepfungwa inowanzonyoreswa sei nekutaura kune phobias.
Maererano nemanzwiro ekufungidzira, kusateerera kwemashoko kunokonzerwa nemafungiro ega uye zvitendero zvisiri izvo.
Kuziva kugadzirisa mafungiro inzira inoshandiswa kubatsira muchengeti kuti aongorore zvaanotenda kana kuti ave nehutano hwekuona mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Nzira dzakadai seyo STOP nzira inoshandiswa kubatsira munhu mumwechete kuti amire pfungwa dzake dzoga uye aite kuti ave nemafungiro matsva.
Nyaya yeChirangariro Inzanga
Nhaurirano yezvemagariro evanhu ndeyekusiyana kwedzidziso yekufungisisa inotarisana nemigumisiro yevamwe kune maitiro edu. Maererano nemitemo yemagariro evanhu, tinodzidza kwete chete kuburikidza nematambudziko edu, asi nekuona vamwe. Zvichida kana kwete isu tinoita pane zvatakadzidza kunobva pane zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuti zvakasimba sei zvatinoratidzwa nemuenzaniso, maonero edu emigumisiro yemafambiro, uye zvatinotenda pamusoro pekukwanisa kwedu kuchinja maitiro ekare.
Nhaurirano yezvemagariro evanhu inogona kubatsira kutsanangura mhedzisiro yebibias zhinji . Inogonawo kushandiswa kubatsira kubata phobias. Nzira imwe chete ndeyekuti mushonga aratidze unhu hutsva asati abvunza munhu kuti aite.
Kunzwisisa-Maitiro
Kuziva-mafungiro edzidziso ndeye fungidziro yakafanana iyo inosanganisira dzidziso yekufungisisa uye tsika. Maererano nekufungisisa-maitiro, mhinduro dzedu dzinobva mukubatana kwakaoma pakati pemafungiro nemafungiro, nemafungiro nemanzwiro achitamba chikamu chikuru mumitemo yedu.
Mazuva ano kugadzirisa-hutsika hunoitawo zvinhu zvekunzwa-based based learning theories, zvakadai sekufungidzira-emotive dzidziso. Maererano nemitemo iyi, isu tiri vanhu vakaoma mhinduro dzavo dzinobva mukubatana kwepakati pepfungwa dzedu, manzwiro uye maitiro. Zvinotarisirwa kutarisa zvose izvi zvikamu kuitira kuti tive nekubudirira kuchinja maitiro edu.
Kuziva-maitiro-behavioral therapy ikozvino ndiyo nzira inozivikanwa zvikuru yerapi yekurapa phobias muUnited States. Ichi chimiro chechirwere chechidimbu mune zvigumisiro zvinobudirira dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuwanikwa muzvikamu zvishomanana chete.
Izvi zvakakosha kune vanhu vazhinji vane hurongwa hwehutano hwehutano hunogona kukonesa nhamba yekushanyira kwavanogona kuita kumurape gore negore.
Ndeapi Kudzidzira Utachiona Inozivikanwa Kwazvo Mukutaura neFobias?
Sezvambotaurwa, chirwere chinonyanya kuzivikanwa pakurapa phobias panguva yemazuva iyeyo ndiyo pfungwa yakagadzirwa yekufungisisa maitiro ehutano. Iyi nyanzvi inosangana nemafungiro akaoma uye manzwiro ayo anosangana kuti aone imwe tsika. Iyi nzira, sezvakataurwa, ingangodaro ndiyo nzira yakakurumidza kugadzirisa kukanganisa, chimwe chinhu chakakosha kwete chete nekuda kwemari yekuchengetedza utano, asi pakubatsira vanhu kutsungirira pane dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kurapa zvinetso.
Kunobva:
Dombeck PhD, Mark. "Kudzidza Dzidziso." Musoro Kubatsira Net: Psychotherapy . March 14, 2008. http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=9285
Kay, D., uye J. Kibble. Kudzidza Mafungiro 101: Kushanda Kwekudzidzisa Kwezuva nezuva uye Kudzidza. Kufambira mberi muPhysiology Dzidzo . 2016. 40 (1): 17-25.