MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, TCIs, uye Atypical
Iko kune mapoka makuru mashanu evanhu vanodzvinyirira. Hezvino zvavari, mienzaniso yega roga, uye iyo inoshanda sei.
Makemikari eBurin Anobatanidza Mumutemo Wemafungiro
Kune matatu mitemo yakakura, inozivikanwa yemakemikari semamonoamines, ayo anotendwa kuve akabatanidzwa mumitemo yepfungwa, kusanganisira:
- Serotonin: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), inowanzozivikanwa sa serotonin , yakagadziridzwa kemikemikari "inonzwa-yakanaka" chemikemikari.
- Norepinephrine: Imwe nyanzvi inotenderera yakabatana nekuora mwoyo uye yakabatana nekushushikana kwaunonzwa. Nhamba yakaderera ye norepinephrine inofungidzirwa kuti inobatanidzwa nehupombwe hweuropi iyo vanhu vakawanda vane kuora mwoyo.
- Dopamine: Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa nezvehutachiona hwemadopuine mune chikamu cheuropi chinonzi substantia nigra inobatana nechirwere chePalinson, asi pane zvakawanda zvekuita dopamine. Mune lobes yepamberi yeuropi, yakabatanidzwa nekufunga kwakaoma uye kugadzirisa matambudziko. Zvechokwadi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti migumisiro inokurudzira yemakemikari yakadai seicicinine uye cocaine inobatana nemigumisiro yavo pane dopamine-mediated nzvimbo nzvimbo muuropi.
Aya mamolekoro mapurogiramu eurotransmitter, makemikisi anotumwa anotumira maziso kumunhu wese muuropi. Iwe unogona kuona zvichibatsira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pebasa revadzidzisi vemhepo mukutambudzika .
Makirasi eAnode-depressant Mishonga
Mishonga yekurwisa zvinodhaka inowanzorongwa zvichienderana nekuti inobata sei mamolekyu matatu, kunyange zvazvo tricyclics inopesana nemutemo uyu.
Mishonga inowanzoshandiswa panguva ino inosanganisira serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) uye serotonin uye norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), kunyange zvazvo mishonga iyi inoshandiswa kune vamwe vanhu.
Heano maitiro makuru evanhu vanodzvinyirira, pamwe chete nemararamiro avo uye mienzaniso yevanodzvinyirira vevadzidzi ivavo.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Rimwe remakirasi okutanga evanhu vanorwisa zvinodhaka rakagadzirwa vaiva monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Izvozvo zvinodzvinyirira, izvo zvakawanikwa muma 1950, zvinodzivisa kushanda kwe enzyme inonzi monoamine oxidase . Sezvo monoamine oxidase's work iri kuparara kwemonoamines, inhibition yayo inobvumira mamwe maurotransmitter anokonzerwa nemafungiro emafungiro kuti arambe aripo mukati meuropi.
Mienzaniso ye monoamine oxidase inhibitors iyo inogamuchirwa neKudya uye Drug Administration (FDA) inosanganisira:
- Nardil (phenelzine)
- Parnate (tranylcypromine)
- Marplan (isocarboxazid)
- Emsam (selegiline)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors inoshandiswa nguva shomanana kupfuura dzimwe zvirwere zvinorwisa uye zvinenge zvakaoma kutora sezvo dziine zvakawanda zvinogona kutyisidzira upenyu kana zvichibatanidzwa nemimwe mishonga kana zviyo zvine tyramine . Kutora MAOIs kazhinji kunosanganisira zvipfeko zvekudya.
Tricyclic Anodzvinyirira
Imwe chikwata chekutanga chekudzivirira mwoyo kune tricyclic vanodzvinyirira (TCIs), inozivikanwa se tetracyclic kana kuti cyclic antidepressants, iyo yakawanikwawo muma 1950. Kusiyana nedzimwe makirasi evanhu vanodzvinyirira, iyi kirasi yakatumidzwa kubva pamakemikari ayo akaumbwa, ayo akabatanidzwa nemhete mitatu yakasanganiswa yeatomu.
Tricyclics inoshandisa kuora mwoyo kwavo kuburikidza nekudzivirira masero emagetsi kubva pakudzokazve kweyeta serotonin uye norepinephrine, iyo inobvumira zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi kuti zvivepo zvekushandiswa muuropi.
Mienzaniso ye tricyclic inodzvinyirira inosanganisira:
- Elavil (amitryptyline)
- Norpramin (deipramine)
- Asendin (amoxapine)
- Anafranil (clomipramine)
- Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- Tofranil (imipramine)
- Vivactil (protriptyline)
- Surmontil (trimipramine)
- Sinequan (doxepin)
Maprotiline
Tricyclic vanodzvinyirira, sezvakaitwa MAOIs, vanowanzova nemigumisiro yakawanda kupinda mitsva itsva yezvinodhaka zvinorondedzerwa pasi apa, kusanganisira kuvhiringidzika, muromo wakaoma, kuoneka kwemaono, kuwedzera kuwanda, uye mwoyo arrhythmias.
Vanoita, zvisinei, vane zvimwe zvinogadzirisa, uye tricyclic zvinodzvinyirira zvinoshandiswa kune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvichibva pakurwadziwa kusingaperi kusvika kune migraines kusvika kune-yakaoma-kusagadzikana chirwere (OCD).
Sarudzo yeSerotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Kusarura serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inoshanda nekudzivisa reuptake ye serotonin, ichibvumira serotonin yakawanda kuti irambe iripo. SSRIs yaiva yekutanga boka remishonga yakange yakagadzirirwa nemaune sevanorwisana nevakaremara panzvimbo yehupenyu hwavo hwekushushikana hunoonekwa nemukana. Izvo zvakasikwa kutanga muma1970.
Mienzaniso yeSSRIs inosanganisira:
- Prozac (fluoxetine)
- Paxil (paroxetine)
- Zoloft (sertraline)
- Celexa (citalopram)
- Luvox (fluvoxamine)
- Lexapro (escitalopram)
- Viibryd (vilazodone)
SSRIs inowanzova nemadekisi mashoma kupfuura mishonga yakwegura asi inogona kunge ichikanganisa, kusanganisira kusagadzikana kwepabonde . Kunze kweProzac, dzakawanda dzemishonga iyi inofanira kucheneswa zvishoma nezvishoma apo inomiswa sezvo inogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwenyeredzi yezviratidzo zvinonzi SSRI discontinuation syndrome .
Serotonin uye Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Serotonin uye norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) kudzvinyirirwa kwekubatsira nenzira yakafanana kune SSRIs kunze kwekuti inodzivisa reuptake ye norepinephrine pamwe ne serotonin. SNRI yekutanga yaiva FDA-yakagamuchirwa munaDecember 1993.
Kuwedzera norepinephrine kuwedzera kune serotonin inogona kunge yakanyanya kubatsira kune vanhu vanoona kuneta nokuora mwoyo kwavo ( kuora mwoyo nekunonoka kwepfungwa ). Iyi mishonga inoshandiswa kuvanhu vane fibromyalgia uye vasina kukanganisa syndrome pamwe chete.
Mienzaniso yeSNRIs inosanganisira:
- Effexor (venlafaxine)
- Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- Pristiq (desvenlafaxine)
- Savella (milnacipran)
- Fetzima (levomilnacipran)
Atypical Antidepressants
Panewo mamwe maitiro akanaka ekurwisa anokonzerwa nehutachiona husingawanikwi mune imwe yenzvimbo dzakataurwa pamusoro apa, inozivikanwa seanypical antidipressants. Atypical antidepressants inoshandiswa nekushandura mazinga emumwechete kana kuti mamwe maitiro eurotransmitter, akadai sedopamine, serotonin, kana norepinephrine, asi mumwe nomumwe anoshanda nenzira yakasiyana. Mimwe yemishonga iyi inogona kunyanya kubatsira kana iwe uchitambura nemigumisiro yepabonde kune dzimwe zvirwere zvinodhaka.
Mienzaniso yezvinokanganisa zvinokonzera zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira:
- Wellbutrin (bupropion)
- Remeron (mirtazapine)
- Desyrel (trazodone)
- Trintellix (vortioxetine)
- Nefazodone
Kusarudza Zvakanakisisa Zvinopesana Nezvokutambudzika Kwako
Pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopinda mukusarudza zvakanakisisa zvinodzvinyirira . Chikamu chekusarudza kwako chinogona kuwira kumigumisiro yaunogona kuwana inonyanya kunetsa. Chiremba wako achakubatsira kuti usarudze kuti ndeipi mishonga yakanakisisa kwauri, kunyange iwe ungafanirwa kuedza maverengi usati wawana imwe inoshanda zvakanyatsobudirira nemashoma emigumisiro.
Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti kubata chirwere chinowanzobudirira kana kusanganiswa kwemaitiro kunoshandiswa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira psychotherapy , kunyatsotarisa chero zvipi zvingaita kuti uwedzere kuora mwoyo sekurwadziwa kusingaperi uye nzira dzokuzvibatsira. Tora nguva yekudzidza mazano ekugadzirisa kwekuora mwoyo anogona kunobatsira pasinei nemishonga ipi yaunosarudza.
> Sources
- > Mayo Clinic Staff. Atypical Antidepressants. Mayo Clinic. Yakaperedzwa June 25, 2016.
- > Mayo Clinic Staff. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs). Mayo Clinic. Yakaperedzwa June 8, 2016.
- > Mayo Clinic Staff. Sarudzo yeSerotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Mayo Clinic. Yakaperedzwa June 24, 2016.
- > Mayo Clinic Staff. Serotonin uye Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs). Mayo Clinic. Yakaperedzwa June 21, 2016.
- > Mayo Clinic Staff. Tricyclic Anodzvinyirira uye Tetracyclic Antidipressants. Mayo Clinic. Yakapedzwa June 28, 2016.