Zvechokwadi Dambudziko Rakaitwa paIvo
Munchausen syndrome inofungidzirwa kuva chirwere chepfungwa . Vanhu vane Munchausen syndrome vanowanzoita sevanenge vaine chokwadi chepanyama kana chepfungwa kunyange zvazvo vasinganyanyi kurwara. Iyi maitiro haisi kungoitika kamwe chete. Munhu ane Munchausen syndrome anowanzowanzoita uye nechinangwa achiita saiye kana anorwara.
Munchausen syndrome yakashandiswa kuva chirwere chayo pachayo, asi pasi peKuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) , ikozvino inonzi chirwere chechokwadi chinogadzirirwa pachako.
Uyu ihosha yepfungwa umo vanhu vanozvigadzira nemaune, vanonyunyuta, kana kuwedzeredza zviratidzo zveurwere huripo chaizvoizvo. Chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechokutora chikamu chinorwara kuitira kuti vanhu vave nehanya navo uye vave nheyo yekucherechedza.
Kuongororwa Zvirongwa zve Munchausen Syndrome
Kuongororwa Munchausen syndrome kunogona kuva kwakaoma nekuda kwekusatendeseka kwose kunobatanidza nerwere iri. Vanachiremba vanofanira kutanga vatonga kunze kwepamwe zvirwere zvepanyama uye zvepfungwa zvisati zvaitika vasati vaongororongororwa nezveMunchausen syndrome. Uyezve, kuitira kuti uongororwe neMunchausen syndrome / factitious disorder inogadziriswa pachake, zvinotevera zvinotevera zvinofanira kusangana:
- Kunyengedza kwepanyama kana zviratidzo zvepfungwa kana zviratidzo, kana kuiswa kwekukuvara kana zvirwere, zvinosanganiswa nechinhu chinonyengedzwa
- Munhu wacho anozvipa iye oga kune vamwe sevanorwara, vasina simba, kana vakakuvara
- Unhu hunyengeri hunoratidzika kunyange musipo kwezviri pachena zvikomborero zvekunze
- Maitiro haasi nani anotsanangurwa nedzimwe chirwere chepfungwa, zvakadai sokunyengedzwa kwepfungwa kana chimwe chirwere chepfungwa
Munchausen Syndrome Symptoms
Chiratidzo chikuru chinoratidzwa mumunhu chinokanganisa chirwere chinokonzerwa nemunhu (AKA Munchausen syndrome) chinokonzera kukanganisa, kunyengera, uye / kana kuwedzeredza zviratidzo (mumuviri kana mupfungwa) apo munhu asiri kunyanya kurwara.
Vangangoerekana vasiya chipatara uye voenda kune imwe nzvimbo iyo inowanikwa kuti havasi kutaura chokwadi. Vanhu vane Munchausen syndrome vanogona kunyengera zvikuru sezvo chiratidzo chikuru chechirwere ichi chine chokuita nekunyengera uye kusatendeseka.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Unoda vamwe kuti vaone sevanorwara kana vakaremara
- Kunyengera zvinyorwa zvezvechiremba kuti zvitsanangure chirwere
- Kuzvikuvadza pachake kuzvikonzera kukuvara
- Kuita chimwe chinhu kuti uzvikuvadze nemaune kuitira kuti uite chirwere (somuenzaniso, kunwa doro rinonyangadza kuti uve nechisimba mumvura)
Munchausen Syndrome Behavior
Nokuti munhu anokonzerwa nehutachiona hunokonzerwa iwe pachako huchaedza nemaune kukonzera chirwere kana kukuvadzwa, zvinotevera ndezvimwe mienzaniso yehutano iwe ungaona mune mumwe munhu angave akaonekwa ane chirwere ichi:
- Kuwedzererwa kwekukuvadza kwakakonzera kunogona kutungamirira kuwedzerwa uye kusapindira kwekurapa kwekurapa
- Kunyunyuta pamusoro pezviratidzo zvepfungwa (zvakadai sokugumburwa, chirungu, kana kubuda), kuvapo kwaro kwakaoma kugona
- Kurondedzera kuora mwoyo uye kuzviuraya kutevera chiitiko (kufanana nerufu rwomwana) kunyange zvazvo pakanga pasina rufu uye / kana munhu asina kunyange mwana
- Kuisa ma laboratory test (somuenzaniso, nekuwedzera ropa kumurini kana kunwa mishonga) kuti uwane mhedzisiro isina kunaka
Munchausen Syndrome vs. Munchausen Syndrome neProxy
Vose Munchausen syndrome uye Munchausen syndrome nevaperekedzi vanoratidzirwa sevanokonzera kushungurudzika. Pane imwe musiyano mukuru pakati pevanhu vane chokwadi chinokonzerwa nehutano uye avo vanobatwa nehutano hwechokwadi hunopomerwa kune imwe. Chiyamuko ichocho chine chokuita neupi munhu wacho anonyengera seanorwara. Ne Munchausen syndrome, munhu wacho anozviratidza kune vamwe sevanorwara, nepo Munchausen syndrome nemuperekedzi, munhu wacho anopa mumwe munhu kune vamwe sokurwara kana kukuvadzwa.
Uyu "mumwe" munhu oga, uyo anogona kuva mwana, mumwe munhu mukuru, kana chipfuwo chinotorwa sechirwere. Saka, munhu anokonzerwa naMunchausen syndrome nemutongi anogonawo kuva nemhosva yekuita zvakaipa kana zviito zvake zvinosanganisira kushungurudzwa uye / kana kushungurudzwa.
Chii Chinokonzera Munchausen Syndrome?
Chikonzero chaiicho chechirwere ichi hachizivikanwi. Pamusana pokunyengera kwakapoteredza Munchausen syndrome, hazvizivikanwi kuti vanhu vangani vanovhiringidzwa nayo (asi nhamba inotarisirwa kuva yakadzika kwazvo). Kutanga kwezviratidzo kunowanzoitika pakukura kwevanhu vakuru, kazhinji mushure mekurapwa kwechipatara kune chiremba. Zvinosuruvarisa, ichi chinhu chakaoma uye chinonzwisisika.
Chimwe chidzidzo chikuru chechikonzero chinokonzera chirwere chepfungwa iyi nhoroondo yekushungurudzwa, kusaregererwa, kana kurasikirwa semwana. Munhu angave asina kugadzirisa nyaya dzevabereki nekuda kwekukuvara uku. Nhau idzi dzinogona kukonzera munhu kuti aite zvakaipa. Vanhu vanogona kuita izvi nokuti ivo:
- Unofanirwa kunzwa unokosha uye iwe unonyanya kukoshesa
- Iva nechido chokuzvirova ivo pachavo nokuzviita ivo vanorwara (nokuti vanonzwa vasingakodzeri)
- Vanoda kupfuudza mutoro wehupenyu hwavo nekutarisira kune vamwe vanhu
Imwe nyanzvi yechinokonzera Munchausen syndrome ndeyekuti munhu ane nhoroondo yezvirwere zvinogara kwenguva refu kana kuti kwenguva refu zvinoda kugara muchipatara (zvikurukuru kana izvi zvichiitika muhuduku kana muhucheche). Nzira inofungidzira iyi ndeyekuti vanhu vane Munchausen syndrome vanogona kusanganisa kurangarirwa kwevana vavo nepfungwa yekuchengetwa. Mushure mokunge vakura, vanogona kuedza kuwana mhedziso imwechete yenyaradzo nekusimbiswa nekuzvifungidzira kuti vanorwara.
Ikoko kunogona kuvawo nekubatana pakati pehupenyu nehutano hunokonzerwa pachako. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokusawirirana kwehutano kune vanhu vane Munchausen syndrome. Ichi chirwere chinogona kubva kumunhu womukati wekuda kuti aone seanorwara kana akaremara. Inogonawo kuva nekuda kwomunhu ane pfungwa isina kuchengeteka yehupi zvake. Vanhu vanovhiringidzwa nehutachiona ichi vanoda kuenda mumiganho yakaipisisa, yakadai sevanosangana nemiedzo inorwadza kana inopisa kana kushanda mukuedza kuwana tsitsi uye kunyatsotarisirwa kunopiwa kuvanhu vanorwara chaizvo. Saka kuzvifananidzira kurwara kunovabvumira kutora ruzivo runobatsira kutsigira nekugamuchirwa kubva kune vamwe. Kuzopinda kuchipatara kunopawo vanhu ava nzvimbo yakanatsanangurwa munzvimbo yekugara.
Ndezvipi Zvinonzi Vanhu Vane Munchausen Syndrome?
Chirwere chechokwadi chinogadziriswa pachako ndechekugara, saka zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kurapa. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanzoramba kuti ivo vanoita zviratidzo, naizvozvo vanowanzoramba kutsvaka kana kutevera kurapwa. Nemhaka yeizvi, vashanduri vanoita sevarombo. Munchausen syndrome inobatanidza nematambudziko anorwadza mupfungwa. Vanhuwo vari pangozi yehutano hwehutano kana rufu nokuda kwezviito zvavo zvinogutsa zvekuedza kuzvikuvadza ivo pachavo. Vanogona kutambura kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kubva kune zvinetso zvinosangana neongororo dzakawanda, maitiro, uye kurapwa. Pakupedzisira, vanhu vanoona vane Munchausen syndrome vari pangozi yakanyanya yekushandisa zvinodhaka nekuedza kuzviuraya .
Munchausen Syndrome Warning Signs
Kana iwe uine hanya kuti mumwe munhu waunoziva angakanganiswa neMunususen syndrome, kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvinonyevera zvaungatarisira. Chiratidzo chikuru ndechokuti munhu wacho anoita seanogara achigunun'una uye / kana kuwedzeredza zviratidzo zvehutano.
Zvimwe zvinonyevera zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kuvapo kwezviratidzo chete kana munhu ari oga kana kuti asina kuonekwa
- Zivo yakanyanyisa yezvipatara uye / kana izwi rekurapa (kusanganisira bhuku rezvinyorwa zvezvirwere)
- Yakanyanyisa asi isina kufanana nenyaya yezvokurapa
- Zvichemo zvezvitsva kana zvekare zviratidzo zvinotevera migumisiro yakaipa yemigumisiro
- Zvinetso nehuzivi uye kuzviremekedza
- Munhu wacho anoramba kana kuti asingadi kubvumira vashandi vezvokurapa kuti vasangane navo kana kutaura nemhuri, shamwari,
- Zviratidzo zvisingaoneki zvisingakwanisi kutarisirwa uye kuva zvakanyanya kuoma kana kuchinja pashure pokutanga kurapwa
- Kuda kana chido chokuenda kuchipatara pamwe nekuongororwa mishonga, maitiro, uye maitiro
- Nhoroondo yekuwana kurapwa pazvipatara zvakasiyana-siyana, makiriniki, uye mahofisi echiremba (zvichida mumaguta akasiyana kana ma zip code)
Munchausen Syndrome Treatment
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vane Munchausen syndrome vangave vachitsvaka kurapwa kwezvinetso zvakawanda zvinogadzira, vanhu ava havadi kubvuma uye kutsvaga kurapwa kwechirwere chaiyo. Vanhu vanobatwa nehutano hwechokwadi hunopomerwa ivo pachavo vachiramba kuti vari kuedza kana kuita kuti zviratidzo zvavo zvive, saka kuwana kurapwa kunowanzova kunomirira kune mumwe munhu achifungidzira kuti munhu ane chirwere ichi, achiita kuti munhu wacho awane kurapwa, uye anokurudzira munhu kuti arambe zvinangwa zvokurapa .
Chirongwa chikuru chekurapa kwaMunchausen syndrome ndechekuchinja mararamiro emuunhu uye kuderedza kushandiswa zvisina kunaka / kunyanya kushandiswa kwemishonga. Mishonga inowanzobatwa nehupfungwa ( psychotherapy ). Penguva dzenguva dzokurapa, mushonga anogona kuedza kupikisa uye kuchinja mafungiro nemafambiro emunhu (izvi zvinonzi sekunzwisisa-maitiro therapy ). Zvirongwa zveTradio zvinogonawo kuedza kuzarurira uye kugadzirisa chero chinangwa chepfungwa chinogona kunge chiri kukonzera mufambiro wemunhu. Munguva yekurapa, zvinonyanya kuitika kuti munhu wacho ashande mukutarisa chirwere chinopesana nekuedza kuchirapa. Saka, chiremba anogona kuedza kukurudzira vanhu ava kuti varege kuisa mishonga ine ngozi pamwe chete nechipatara chisingadikanwi chinogamuchirwa.
Mishonga haisi kushandiswa mukurapa Munchausen syndrome. Kana munhu wacho ari kutambura nekuzvidya mwoyo kana kuora mwoyo , chiremba anogona kupa mishonga. Kana izvi zviri izvo, zvakakosha kunyatsocherechedza vanhu ava nekuda kwehuwandu hwekushandisa mishonga iyi kuti zvikuvadze ivo pachavo.
Pamusoro pemarapirwo emunhu mumwe nomumwe, kurapwa kunogonawo kusanganisira mhuri inorapwa. Kudzidzisa nhengo dzemhuri nzira yekuita nayo zvakanaka kune munhu anonzi ane Munchausen syndrome inogona kubatsira. Murapi anogona kudzidzisa nhengo dzemhuri kuti dzisazopa mubairo kana kusimbisa maitiro evanhu vane chirwere. Izvi zvingaita kuti vanhu vaduku 'vaone kuonekwa vachirwara sezvo vangave vasisati vawana rubatso rwavari kutsvaga.
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. Bhuku Rekuongorora uye Rokusimudzira reMental Disorders (5Th Mupepeti) . 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Incorporated, 2013.
> Elwyn, TS. "Chokwadi Chirwere Chinoonekwa Pamusoro Pako (Munchausen's Syndrome) Kusiyanisa Maonero Akasiyana." Emedicine.medscape.com . 2016.
> Feldman MD. Kutamba Kurwara? Kusaparadzanisa Webhu yeMunchausen Syndrome, Munchausen neProxy, Malingering, uye Factitious Disorder . New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2004.