Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinowanzofananidza kudzidza sekuchinja kwechigarire mune mufambiro semugumisiro wezviitiko. Iro psychology yekudzidza inotarisa pane nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chokuita nekuti vanhu vanodzidza uye vanobatana sei nemamiriro avo ezvinhu.
Mumwe wevanotanga kufunga kuti kudzidza mafungiro ekuita maitiro ndechipi nyanzvi yezvepfungwa John B. Watson uyo akataura kuti maitiro ose anokonzerwa nekudzidza.
Chikoro chepfungwa chakabva mubasa raWatson chaizivikanwa sekunamata. Chikoro chekuzvibata chepfungwa chinenge chichigadziridzwa kudzidza mukati memafungiro, zvirangariro, uye mamwe maitiro epfungwa ainyanya kugadzirisa. Psychology, iyo vanoita maitiro vanofunga, inofanirwa kuva chidzidzo chesayenzi chekuona kunoonekwa. Unhu hwekuita hunobudirira mukati mehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri uye hwakabatsira zvikuru kutinzwisisa kwedu kweimwe nzira dzinokosha dzekudzidza.
Uri kugadzirira kuedza kukuru muhupfungwa yako yekudzidza yechikoro here? Kana iwe unongoda kufarira kuongorora nekudzidza nemafungiro ekunyora kwepfungwa? Izvi zvidzidzo zvekudzidza zvinopa mhedziso shomanana dzeimwe dzidzo huru dzekudzidza kusanganisira kuzvibata, classical conditioning, uye kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu.
Ngationei zvishoma pamusoro pepfungwa yekudzidza.
Chii Chinodzidza?
Kudzidza kunogona kurondedzerwa nenzira dzakawanda, asi vazhinji vanofunga nezvepfungwa vanobvumirana kuti ichine shanduko yenguva dzose mune mufambiro inoguma kubva pane zvakaitika.
Pakati pehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, chikoro chepfungwa chinozivikanwa sekutenda kwakasimuka kuti chive nesimba pamusoro pepfungwa uye yakatsvaga kutsanangura nzira yekudzidza. Mhando mitatu yakakura yekudzidza inorondedzerwa nehutano hwepfungwa ndeyechikoro chekugadzirisa, kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu, nekudzidzira kuona .
Chii Chinonzi Kuzvibata Kwepfungwa?
Kuita maitiro kwaiva chikoro chepfungwa mupfungwa dzepfungwa dzakaedza kuongorora maitiro chete anocherechedza. Yakagadzwa naJohn B. Watson uye yakarondedzerwa mumashizha ake 1913 mapepa Psychology seBehaviorist View It , maonero ekuzvibata akafunga kuti psychology yaiva yesayenzi yekuedza uye chinangwa uye kuti maitiro epfungwa dzomukati haafaniri kuonekwa nokuti aisagona kutariswa zvakananga uye akayera .
Basa raMarangeri raisanganisira chirwere chechechi chainzi Little Albert chaakagadzirisa mwana muduku kuti atye rutsvuku. Unhu hwekuita hutungamiri hwepfungwa hwemazana emakore makumi maviri okutanga. Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzekuzvibata dzichiri dzinokosha mazuva ano, chikamu chekupedzisira chezana remakore rakaratidzwa nekubuda kwemanzwiro evanhu, biological psychology , uye kugadzirisa pfungwa dzepfungwa .
Dzidza zvakanyanya muchidimbu ichi pfupiso yehutsika uye tora mibvunzo iyi kuti uedze ruzivo rwako rwekuzvibata.
Classical Conditioning
Chikoro chechimiro chekudzidza ndiyo nzira yekudzidza iyo sangano rinoshandiswa pakati pekusimbiswa kwematongerwe enyika kare uye chiitiko chinowanzoita kuti mhinduro ipindure. Somuenzaniso, muPavlov's classic experiment , kunhuhwira kwezvokudya kwaiva chiitiko chinowanzoitika chakanga chakabatanidzwa nechekare chakanga chisingarereki chine bell.
Pane imwe nguva sangano raive rakaitwa pakati pezviviri, inzwi rebhero roga rinogona kutungamirira kumhinduro. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti chikamu chechimiro chinoshanda sei pamwe nemamwe emitemo inokosha ye classical conditioning .
Kushanda Kushanda
Kushanda kwemamiriro ezvinhu inzira yekudzidza iyo inogona kugadzirisa kuitika inowedzera kana kuderera nekuda kwekusimbiswa kana kurangwa. Kutanga akadzidziswa naEdwin Thorndike uye gare gare naBF Skinner , pfungwa yepfungwa mushure mekugadzirisa mafambiro ndeyekuti migumisiro yezviito zvedu inoita maitiro ezvokuzvidira. Skinner akatsanangura kuti kusimbiswa kunogona kutungamirira sei kuwedzera mune maitiro apo chirango chaizoguma chichiderera.
Akaona zvakare kuti nguva yekusimbiswa kwaiitwa yakakurudzirwa sei kuti nokukurumidza tsika dzakadzidzwa uye kuti simba raizove sei. Nguva uye chiyero chekusimbidzika inozivikanwa semarongwa ekusimbiswa .
Observational Kudzidza
Dzidziso yekucherechedza ndiyo nzira iyo kudzidza kunowanikwa nekucherechedza uye kutevedzera vamwe. Nhaurirano yaAlexander Bandura yedzidzo yevanhu inoratidza kuti kunze kwekudzidza kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu, vanhu vanodzidza kuburikidza nokucherechedza nekutevedzera zviito zvevamwe. Sezvakaratidzwa muzvidzidzo zvake zvekare zve " Bobo Doll ", vanhu vachatevedzera zviito zvevamwe vasina kusimbiswa zvakananga. Zvinhu zvina zvinokosha zvakakosha pakuita zvakakosha kudzidza: kutarisa, ruzivo rwemotokari, kukurudzira, nekuyeuka.
Vanhu Vanokonzera Munda
Izvozvi ndezvimwe zvemashamba makuru anokonzerwa nekudzidza uye chikoro chekuzvibata chepfungwa.
Key Learning Terms
- Classical Conditioning
- Unconditioned Stimulus
- Zvakagadziriswa Stimulus
- Kupindura kusina kukodzera
- Mhinduro Yakagadziriswa
- Fixed-interval Schedule
- Fixed-Ratio Schedule
- Kusiyana-muganhu Purogiramu
- Kusiyana-kuenzanisa Purogiramu
- Behaviorism
- Reinforcement
- Positive Reinforcement
- Negative Reinforcement
- Kurangwa
- Zvakakodzera Kurangwa
- Chirango chisina kunaka