Mutumbi dysmorphic disorder (BDD) utano hwehutano hwehutano hunoreva kusagadzikana uye kusanyanyisa kunetseka nokuonekwa kwomuviri. Apo mumwe munhu ane chimiro chechimiro chakakanganisika achange achida kuisa pfungwa pahuwandu hwehuviri hwemuviri kana hukuru, avo vane muviri dysmorphic disorder nzvimbo zvakanyanya kuisa pfungwa pane imwe nhengo yemuviri kana chimwe chemuviri wavo.
Mafungiro ezvakananga pamusoro pechinhu chavo nguva dzose uye anogona kuve akawandisa, kazhinji achipedza pfungwa dzavo nekupa chipingamupinyi kune hupenyu hwavo hwose nekushanda kwezuva nezuva. Kunyange kunyanya kuisa pfungwa uye kungwarira kunogona kuva pane zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri, unhu kana humwe unhu, zvimwe zvezvinowanzobatanidza zvinosanganisira:
- Mvere
- Mhete kana zvimwe zviso zvakatarisa
- Chest
- Genitalia
- Muscularity kana kukura kwechikamu chemuviri
- Symmetry (bvudzi, zviso zvepiso, nhengo dzomuviri)
Vakawanda vedu vane nzvimbo dzomuviri wedu dzatinoda kuchinatsiridza, asi pfungwa dzedu pamusoro peizvi hadzisiri dzinoramba dzichida uye dzinopindira , iyo iri chinhu chinokosha pakusiyanisa pakati pezvinetso zvemuviri zvemuviri uye kuchipatara kuongororwa kweBDD. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti, neBDD, iwe unowanzotarisirwa nechikanganiso kana unhu husingaoneki, kunyange husipo. Zviratidzo izvo vamwe vangaona sekusakwana kusina kunaka kana kusakanganisika (kana kusatomboona) zvachose kunopedza uye kusingachagoni, kusvika pakugadzirisa hupenyu hwako.
Ndiani Anotanga Kuziva Muviri Dysmorphic Disorder?
BDD inoratidzirwa kuti inakire kune mumwe wevanhu makumi mashanu mukati mehuwandu hwevanhu, iyo inogona kuenzanisa vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni mashanu kusvika ku7,5 muUnited States chete. BDD inoratidzika kunge inokanganisa varume nevakadzi zvakaenzana, uye inofungidzirwa kuti 2.5 muzana yevakadzi uye 2.2 muzana yevarume vanoonekwa sevari vane chirwere ichi.
Kunyange zvazvo BDD inogona kuratidza vanhu kune imwe nguva, vazhinji vanotanga kuratidza zviratidzo uye maitiro ehutano hwakapoteredza makore gumi kana gumi nemaviri. Hapana chikonzero chimwe chete cheBDD chave chakaonekwa. Ichi chirwere chinonzi chinoshandiswa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sekubatana kwevanhu uye zvevanhu, maitiro ekugadzirisa, kana chiitiko chinokonzera.
Zviratidzo zveMutumbi Dysmorphic Disorder
Kana iwe uri kutarisana neBDD, iwe unogona kuwanzopiswa nemafungiro anonyaradza uye anopfuurira ane chokuita nechimwe chinhu pamuviri wako, chakadai sechiratidzo, chiito, kana kuonekwa kwechiremera chemuviri. Mifungo inogona kuratidzika chero nguva pasina njere uye, zvisinei kuti unoedza zvakaoma sei, iwe unogona kunge wakaoma kumira kana kuchinja mafungiro ako pamusoro pechiratidzo. Nemhaka yekusimbirira kwemafungiro aya, zvinoita kuti iwe unzwe uchinetseka zvikuru muhupenyu hwako. Kuwanda kwekutambudzika kunowanikwa kunogona kuva kwakanyanya kwazvo zvokuti zvinova zvakaoma kugoverana mukubatana kwevanhu, kuzadzisa mabasa akaita sechikoro kana basa uye, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kunyange kuwana zvakaoma kubva pamba.
Vanhu vane BDD vanowanzoita nekudzokorora mafambiro mukuedza kugadzirisa zvinetso izvi zvepanyama. Kunyangwe iwe unogona kupedza chero kupi zvako kubva maawa matatu kusvika masere kana kupfuura kwemazuva pamusoro pezviito izvi, zororo chero ripi zvaro rinogara kwenguva pfupi.
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti munhu waunoda angave ari kutarisana neBDD, zvimwe zvezviito zvavari kuratidza zvinosanganisira:
- Kukohwa ganda
- Kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kwekugadzira
- Nguo dzekuvhara dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri kana zvinhu
- Kurongedza kazhinji kutaridzika muzvioni
- Kunyorera zvakanyanya
- Kuchinja muviri kunzvimbo nguva dzose
- Kupfekedza zvishandiso zvakadai sezvikoti, zvitsvuku, uye magirafu
- Kutsvaga kuvhiyiwa kwekunakisa kana dzimwe nzira
- Pamusoro pekusimbisa dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri kana maitiro
- Kutsvaka kukurudzira zvakanyanya kubva kune vamwe nezvechimiro kana kuti chikamu chikamu
Mamwe Matambudziko Ehutano Hwemapfungwa Anogona Kuitika Nemuviri Dysmorphic Disorder
Kupararira kwakaratidzwa kuvapo pakati peBDD nezvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa, kunyanya kushungurudzika kwakadai sekugadzikana kwepfungwa, OCD , uye social socibia .
Chaizvoizvo, BDD ikozvino inoratidzwa pakati peEngessive Compulsive Disorders. Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti vanopfuura 60 muzana yevarwere vane BDD vane dambudziko rehupenyu hwehupenyu hwose uye 38 muzana vakanga vatora hukama hwevanhu. Kunyanya kunetseka nechimwe chinhu chakakanganisika mumuviri kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vachinzwa vari voga uye vachinetseka chero kushamwaridzana chero kupi zvako kwevanhu, zvichiita kuti vanzwe vasina tariro uye vakaora mwoyo .
Kunyange zvazvo muviri usina kunaka muviri unowanzobatanidzwa nezvinetso zvekudya, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti muviri dysmorphia hausi wekufananidza nekurema kana kuora kurasikirwa. Kune vakawanda vane BDD, chinotarisa chiri pachikamu chemuviri chakadai semhino, vhudzi, kana zvikanda-zvinhu izvo kudya zvinokanganisika maitiro hazvingashanduki kana kuchinja. Kana kuisa pfungwa kune mumwe munhu kwakabatana zvakananga kuhukuru hwechikamu chemuviri, zvakadai sehudyu kana pakati, kukanganisa kudya kunogona kuitika mukuedza kugadzirisa icho chakaonekwa chikanganiso. Inofungidzirwa kuti vanenge 12 muzana yevaya vane BDD vanoonawo zvinetso zvekutambudzika kwekudya zvakadai seanorexia uye bulimia .
Zviratidzo zveMakemikari emuviri Dysmorphic Disorder
Kuti urege kuonekwa zvisina maturo kana kusatorwa zvakanyanya nemupi wehutano hwehutano hwavo, vanhu vane BDD vanotambura kwenguva yakati vasati vauya uye vachitsvaka rubatsiro. Kunyange zvakadaro, ivo vanowanzotaurira zvinetso zvavo kune unyanzvi hwehutano hwakadai sedermatologist, chiremba anovhiya, kana chiremba wemazino, panzvimbo pechiremba wepfungwa kana mumwe mushandi wehutano hwepfungwa. Vanhu vane BDD vanowanzotya kutongwa kubva kune vamwe kunyange zvazvo nhamo yavo yakanyanya kukwirira zvokuti inobata zvikuru hupenyu hwavo uye hukama.
Kuti uve nechipatara akaongororwa ane BDD, zvinotevera zvinofanira kusangana:
- Kunyanya kuonekwa nechitarisiko. Hazvirevi chete kuti munhu wacho anofanira kunyanya kufungidzirwa nechitarisiko, zvakakosha kuziva kuti chinangwa chavanonyanya kutarisa ndechekusakwana kusina kukwana, chimwe chinhu chisingaoneki kana kuonekwa nevamwe kana kuti hachipo. Kuti uonekwe se "kunyanya kufungwa" nechinhano chakanzwisisika, munhu wacho angave ari kuita pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki pamusoro pezvakaipa zvavo kwemaawa masikati.
- Munhu wacho anofanira kubatanidzwa mukudzokorora maitiro mukuedza "kugadzirisa" iyo yakanzwisiswa kukanganisa. Kudzokorora kunoita maitiro kunoratidzwa mukuedza kuvanza, kugadzirisa, kana kupindura kune chinangwa chekufungisisa kwakanyanya. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu angangoramba achiona muchionioni, sarudza paganda ravo, shandura mbatya dzavo, dzokazve mazano, kunyanya kukumbira vamwe kuti vatsigire, nezvimwewo.
- Mafungiro asina kukwana uye mafambiro okudzokorora anofanirwa kunge ane kliniki anokosha. Mune mamwe mazwi, kutambudzika kunoitwa nomunhu iyeye kunofanira kusvika pakuguma kwehupenyu hwavo husina kukwana. Upenyu hwehupenyu hwemunhu, basa (chikoro kana basa) nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvehupenyu hwavo zvinofanira kunge zvakakonzerwa zvikuru semagumisiro emafungiro aya nemafambiro.
Mutumbi dysmorphic disorder inogona kuongororwa nyore nyore sehumwe hutano hwepfungwa, naizvozvo zvakakosha kuti chiremba anonyatsodzidziswa kuti aongororwe kuongororwa kwekudzivirira kusaona kusarudzwa kweBDD seimwe yeiyi inotevera:
- Kushungurudzika kwevanhu munzanga
- Major depression disorder
- Obsessive compulsive disorder
- Chirangaridzo chisingaiti (ganda rinotakura)
- Trichotillomania disorder (mutsvuku)
- Agoraphobia
- Kudya Matambudziko
- Chirwere chinokonzera kushungurudzika
Ndeapi Mushonga Unowanika Muviri Dysmorphic Disorder?
Kana iwe kana munhu waunoda ari kusangana neBDD, unganzwa kusurukirwa kutanga utachiona kana kupa mazano. Zvakajairika-kunyange kune avo vasina BDD-kutenda kuti kurapwa kwepfungwa hakusi mhinduro yakakwana yezvaunofunganya. Zvechokwadi, zvichida iwe unenge watozvitsvaga rubatsiro mune dzimwe nzira, dzakadai sekugadzira, vhudzi nevashandi vezvokupfeka, vashandi vepurasitiki, vanochera mazino, dermatologists, uye vanachiremba mazino (zvichienderana nechimiro chemuviri mubvunzo). Vaya vane BDD vanoda "chinetso" chavo chakataurwa. Vanoda kuonekwa kwechikanganiso kuchinjwa, kuchinjwa, kana kubviswa. Icho chinogona kunzwa chinotyisa, asi kurapwa kwepfungwa kunogona kubatsira zvikuru, kutarisa chero pfungwa nemanzwiro anotarisana nezvinhu izvi zvepanyama.
Imwe nzira yakaratidza kuti inoshanda mukurapa kweBDD ndeyekufunga kwehutano hwehutano (CBT). CBT inotanga kurapa mutsara yeBDD. Inosanganisira kushandura mafungiro asina kunaka uye zvitendero zvinowanikwa mune chirwere. Inogonawo kusanganisira nzira dzekutsvaga dzinotarisa kuderedza kudzokorora mafambiro nemafungiro akakomberedzwa nemafungiro emumuviri. Uyezve, kushandiswa kwemishonga, kunyanya kusarudza serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), yakaratidzwa kuva yakabudirira mukuderedza zvimwe zvezviratidzo zveBDD. Iyi mishonga inowanzoshandiswa zvakanakisisa pamwe chete neCognitive Behavioral Therapy (Porter, 2017). Zvakakosha kuti avo vane Mutumbi Dysmorphic Disorder vanozvibvumira nguva yakakwana yepfungwa yepfungwa kuti ibudirire.
Zvinangwa Zvokurapa
Kuchengeteka kwepanyama ndiko kunokosha mukurapa BDD. Nenguva iyo munhu atanga kupa mazano kana kurapwa, zvinogona kunge zvatove zvichiratidza zvimwe zvisizvo zvisina kunaka mararamiro ekuita sehupenzi zvakanyanya sekuchera kana kusveta bvudzi, somuenzaniso. Maitiro aya anogona kukusiya iwe nevanodiwa vako vachinzwa kuti hapana tariro yokuti mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuchinja. Zvakakosha kuti hutano hunoonekwa sehusiri hunokuvadza hupenyu hwevanhu, asiwo hunobudirira pakuzadzisa chinangwa che "kugadzirisa" chinonzi chikanganiso.
Shoko Rinobva
Kuenzanirana kwehutano inetso yakaoma kune vazhinji vedu, uye kunyanya kana iwe uri kutarisana neBDD. Nokuda kwekusachengeteka kwakapoteredza unhu hwehuviri uye chido chokutonga isu zvakashata, kuva pedyo nevamwe kunogona kuoma uye kutyisidzira. Semuenzaniso, unogona kunge wakatsoropodza maitiro emhino dzako uye uzviwanire iwe uchifananidza mhino dzako neyevamwe vari muimba, uchizvidza uye uzvitonga iwe zvakare. CBT inogona kubatsira kubvongodza nekupikisa avo vasina kufungisisa kufunga.
Kana iwe kana munhu waunoda ari kutarisana neMuviri dysmorphic disorder, kubvuma iwe pachako kuchave kwakakosha kune chero kurapwa. Pashure pokupedza nguva yakareba zvakanyanya pazvikanganiso zvako pachako, pfungwa yekuzvigamuchira inogona kunzwa yakasununguka uye dzimwe nguva kunyange isingabviri asi, nekubatsirwa kwechirwere, inogona kuve yakakosha kupikisa pfungwa dzinokanganisa nemafambiro asina kunaka, kuvandudza kutaura kwako , uye vauya kune imwe nzvimbo yekugamuchirwa kukuru uye kuzvidzora.
> Sources:
> Hartman, A., Greenberg, J. & Wilhelm, S. (2007). Muongorori wechirwere wekurapa muviri dysmorphic disorder. Yakadzorerwa Gunyana 11, 2017 kubva ku https://bdd.iocdf.org/professionals/therapists-guide-to-bdd-tx/
> Koran, LM, Abujaoude, E., Makuru, MD & Serpe, RT (2008). Kuwanda kwemuviri dysmorphic disorder muhuwandu hweUnited States. CNS Spectrum. Kubvumbi; 13 (4): 316-22.
> Muffadel A, Osman O, Almugaddam, F, Jafferany, M. Muviri weDysmorphic disorder: Kuongorora kwenguva pfupi uye mharidzo mumagariro akasiyana-siyana. Primary Companion Care to troubles of CNS. 2013; 15 (4): 1464
> Phillips, K. (2017). Kuongororwa uye kuchipatara kuongororwa kweBDD. Yakadzorerwa Gunyana 11, 2017 kubva ku https://bdd.iocdf.org/professionals/diagnosis/
> Porter, D. (2017). Mutumbi dysmorphic disorder DSM-V 300.7. Yakadzorerwa Gunyana 11, 2017 kubva ku https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/body-dysmorphic-disorder-dsm--5-300.7-(f45.22)