Zvose zvinodhakwa, zvingave zvezvinhu kana kuzvibata , zvinosanganisira zvose zvepanyama uye zvepfungwa. Zvakaitika kune mumwe nomumwe zvekudhakwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, asi kazhinji zvinosanganisira boka rezvimwe zviri pasi apa zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvekudhakwa.
Zviratidzo nezviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa chete nemunhu ane chinodhaka, asi zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa nevamwe vanhu.
Iwe haugoni kuziva izvo mumwe munhu ari kutarisana kunze kwekunge akuudza iwe, saka kana iwe uine hanya kuti mumwe munhu angave akaremara, tarisa zviratidzo pamwe nezviratidzo.
Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvekudhakwa
Iwe unogona kuona zvimwe zvezviratidzo izvi asi kwete vamwe mumunhu anenge akapindwa muropa, asi iwe unogona kukanganisa kunyange kana iwe usina zviratidzo zvose. Izvi zviratidzo zvinowanikwa kune vakawanda, asi zvisinei, zvose zvinodhaka. Zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvekudhakwa ndezvekuti:
- Secretiveness
- Kunyengera
- Kuba
- Mari yemari isingatarisirwi, zvichida kuva nemari yakawanda dzimwe nguva asi kwete mari zvachose pane dzimwe nguva
- Kuchinja mumagariro evanhu, shamwari itsva uye isina kujairika, kukurukurirana kwefoni kusinganzwisisiki
- Yakadzokororwa zvisina kufanirwa kubuda, kazhinji nepfungwa yekukurumidzira
- Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvakadai semapapu asingashamisi, mapepa emidzanga, zviduku zvesiyero, nezvimwewo.
- "Kudengenyeka" kwezvinodhaka, kazhinji mumapurasitiki maduku, mapepa kana mapepa
- Kushivirira , iyo ndiyo chikonzero chekuita mufambiro wekuita zvepabonde kakawanda kuti uwane zvinodiwa
- Kurega kunoitika apo munhu wacho asingatori chinhu chacho kana kupinda mubasa racho, uye vanoona zviratidzo zvisingafadzi, izvo zvinowanzosiyana zvakakanganisika nemigumisiro yekunyadzisa
- Zvinonetsa kutambisa kana kudzora maitiro ekurwisa
- Zvemagariro evanhu, zvekushanda kana zvekuita zvekuvaraidza zvinowedzera kunyanya kurwisa, uye mabasa anokosha ehutano uye hwebasa ari kutyisidzirwa
- Munhu ari kunyanya kunetseka nekudhakwa, achishandisa nguva yakawanda pakugadzirira, kupinda mukati, nekudzoka kubva pakuita zvinodhaka
- Kunyanyisa kunetseka kuchinja - kufara, kusuruvara, kufara, kufunganya, nezvimwe
- Kurara zvakawanda kana zvishoma kudarika nguva, kana panguva dzakasiyana dzasikati kana usiku
- Kuchinja kwesimba - zvisingatarisirwi uye zvakanyanya kuneta kana simba
- Kurasikirwa kwekurema kana kuwedzerwa kuyerwa
- Kusingatarisirwi uye kunoramba kuchikanganiswa kana kunyorera
- Zvinoratidzika kusanyarara pane dzimwe nguva uye zviri nani kune dzimwe nguva
- Vadzidzi vemaziso vanoita sediki uye vaduku kupfuura mazuva ose
Shandisa Kuchenjerera
Zvizhinji zvezviratidzo zvekudhakwa zvinogona kuva nezvimwe zvinotsanangurwa zvakare. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu anogona kuvanza nokuti vari kuronga zuva rekuzvarwa kushamiswa kune shamwari. Vanhu vanogona kuva nekuchinja kwesimba nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, zvine chokuita nehutano uye zvimwe. Vanogona kuita ushamwari hutsva uye kugumisa vakwegura nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda kunze kwekudhakwa.
Iva wakangwarira pamusoro pokumhanyira kusvika kugumisiro. Kunze kwekunge wakawana zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvezvinodhaka kana uine humwe uchapupu huri pachena hwekudhakwa, zvinogona kunge kune imwe tsanangudzo.
Zvisinei, usava neive kana wakawana zvinodhaka kana zvigadzirwa zvemishonga, sezvo iwe ungaguma nematambudziko epamutemo kana iwe usingagoni kutarisana nemamiriro acho ezvinhu.
Zvizhinji zvezviratidzo zvekudhakwa zvakafanana nemafambiro evana vechidiki. Zvinosuruvarisa, vechidiki ndevamwe vemapoka evanhu vanowanzoshungurudzwa nekudhakwa. Vabereki vane hanya nevana vavo vachiri kuyaruka vanofanira kunyatsochenjerera pavanenge vachikurukurirana nezvekudhakwa nevechiri kuyaruka.
Zviratidzo uye Zviratidzo zveZvamwe Zvirwere
Izvo zvinyorwa zviri pasi apa zvichakupa mamwe mashoko ezviratidzo nezviratidzo zvezvimwe zvinodhaka.
Kudhakwa Kwemishonga
Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira:
- Doro - somuenzaniso, waini, doro kana doro
- Amphetamine kana zvakafanana kuita sympathomimetics - somuenzaniso, kasi kana kristall meth
- Benzodiazepines - somuenzaniso, Xanax, Valium kana Klonopin
- Caffeine - somuenzaniso, kofi, tei kana zvinwiwa zvemitambo
- Cannabis - somuenzaniso, mbanje , uswa kana hashi
- Cocaine - somuenzaniso, coke kana kupenga
- Hallucinogens - somuenzaniso, asidi kana ecstasy
- Inhalants - somuenzaniso, poppers kana aerosols
- Nicotine - somuenzaniso, fodya , cigai kana nicotine
- Opioids - somuenzaniso, heroin , morphine kana painkillers
- Phencyclidine (PCP) kana mashizha akafanana - somuenzaniso, guruva kana ketamine
- Sedatives, hypnotics kana anxiolytics - somuenzaniso, kurara mapiritsi kana pasi
Maitiro Okuita Maitiro
Zvinonyanya kukanganisa zvounzenza zvinosanganisira:
- Makombiyuta - somuenzaniso, internet , mitambo yemavhidhiyo , nzvimbo dzekubudisira vanhu paIndaneti, cybersex kana kuti kuIndaneti kubhejera
- Kudya - somuenzaniso, kudya zvakanyanya , kubhengeta kana kuchenesa
- Kudzidzira - semuenzaniso, kuora kurasikirwa kana mitambo
- Kubhejera - somuenzaniso, VLTs, casinos kana slot machines
- Kutamba - semuenzaniso, mitambo yemakombiyuta
- Zvepabonde - somuenzaniso, zvinonyadzisira, zvebhiyard yega kana vazhinji vanobatana
- Kutenga - somuenzaniso, kupedza kana kuba
- Shandisa - somuenzaniso, kunyanya kushanda, mari kana simba
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association. "Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders" (4th Edition - Text Revision), Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association. 1994.
Mako, Isaka. "Kuita (Kwete-Chimiro) Zvirwere." British Journal of Addiction 1990 85: 1389-1394. 24 Mbudzi 2008.
Orford, Jim. "Kuwedzerwa Zvipfeko: Mafungiro Epfungwa Nezvokudhakwa" (Kutevedzwa Kwepiri). Wiley, Chicester. 2001.
Responsible Gambling Council. "Zviratidzo Zvinonyevera: Zviratidzo Mumwe Munhu Waunoziva Angave Aine Chinetso Nokubhejera." July 24, 2008.
Society for the Development of Sexual Health. "Kuita zvepabonde." March 28, 2014.