Zviitiko zveEmarkmark muNhau kubva muna 1878 kusvika Nhasi
Mhedziso yepfungwa inopera mazana emakore nemashoko ekutanga ekuzivikanwa anozivikanwa nezvechipatara kuora mwoyo kunotsanangurwa muna 1550 BCE pane rimwe bhuku rekare reEgipita rakazivikanwa seEbers Papyrus. Zvisinei, yakanga isina kusvika muzana remakore rechi11 apo chiremba wePezhiya Avicenna akataura nezvekubatana pakati pemanzwiro uye mhinduro dzepanyama mumutambo unenge uchinzi "muviri wepfungwa."
Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vachifunga nezvemazana zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakore ekuberekwa kwepfungwa dzemazuva ano (zvakanyanya kuzivikaniswa nekudhindwa kwaWilliam Battle's "Treatise on Madness" muna 1758), hazvina kusvika muna 1840 kuti pfungwa dzepfungwa dzakasimbiswa senzvimbo yesayenzi isina hutano hwepfungwa. Yaiva mugore iro iro bhuku rokutanga pamusoro pehurukuro, "Psychology, kana" View of Human Soul, kusanganisira Anthropology, "yakabudiswa nemudzidzisi weAmerica Frederick Augustus Rauch.
Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, kuongorora kwepfungwa kunoramba kuchienderera mberi sezvazviri nhasi. Kuratidza kuti kushanduka kwaiva nhamba yezviitiko zvakakosha, zviitiko zvinoshamisa.
Zviitiko Zvinokosha zvezana remakore rechi19
Hondo yezana remakore rechi19 ndiyo nguva iyo mafirogiramu akaiswa sangano rekucherechedza, rakagamuchirwa. Kunyange zvazvo zviyero zvaiwanzoenderera mberi zvichiri kuchinja mukati memakore zana emakore, mhando yekutsvakurudza uye kuongorora yaizotanga kuumbwa.
Pakati pezviitiko zvinokosha:
- 1878 - G. Stanley Hall anova wokutanga weAmerica kuti awane Ph.D. in psychology. Iye akazopedzisira awana American Psychological Association .
- 1879 - Wilhelm Wundt akatanga chirongwa chekutanga chekuongorora masayendisiti muLeipzig, Germany yakagadzirirwa kuongororwa kwemaitiro. Chiitiko chacho chinonzi inotanga kushandiswa kwepfungwa se seni yakasiyana.
- 1883 - G. Stanley Hall inotanga chikwata chekutanga chekuongorora masayendisiti kuU.S. kuJohn Hopkins University.
- 1885 - Herman Ebbinghaus anobudisa nhepfenyuro yake "Über das Gedächtnis" ("Pamusoro peKurangarira") umo anotsanangura kudzidza nekuyeuka zvaakaedza kuita pachake.
- 1886 - Sigmund Freud anotanga kupa chirwere kuvarwere muVienna, Austria.
- 1888 - James McKeen Cattell anova purofesa wekutanga wepfungwa paYunivhesiti yePennsylvania. Aizotevera akabudisa "Maitiro Edzidziso neMatanho" achicherechedza kusvika kwekuongorora kwepfungwa.
- 1890 - William James anonyora "Mazano ePsychology." Sir Francis Galton anogadzira nzira dzekugadzirisa kunzwisisana hukama huripo pakati pezvinoshandiswa mune zvidzidzo zveunyanzvi.
- 1892 - G. Stanley Hall inoumba American Psychological Association (APA) , ichinyora 42 nhengo
- 1895 - Alfred Binet ndiye anopa maitiro epfungwa yekutanga yepfungwa yepamusoro ekuzvipira kwepfungwa.
- 1898 - Edward Thorndike anovhura Mutemo weKubatsira .
Zviitiko Zvinokosha Kubva muna 1900 kusvika muna 1950
Chikamu chekutanga chezana remakore rechi20 chakange chichitungamirirwa nemashamba maviri makuru: Sigmund Freud naCarl Jung. Yaiva nguva iyo nheyo dzekuongorora dzakatangwa, kusanganisira Freud kuongorora kwepfungwa uye psychopathology uye Jung's analytic psychology.
Pakati pezviitiko zvinokosha:
- 1900 - Sigmund Freud inoparidzira chikwangwani chake "Tsanangudzo yeMaroto."
- 1901 - The British Psychological Society yakasimbiswa.
- 1905 - Mary Whiton Calkins akasarudzwa ndiye mukadzi mukuru wekutanga weAmerican Psychological Association. Alfred Binet anotanga kuongorora kweunyanzvi .
- 1906 - Ivan Pavlov anoparidzira zvaakawana pane zvekugadzirisa zviitiko .
- 1907 - Carl Jung anonyora "The Psychology of Dementia Praecox."
- 1912 - Edward Thorndike anonyora "Animal Intelligence" iyo inotungamirira kukurudzirwa kwetsika yekushanda kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Max Wertheimer inoparidza "Ongororo Dzidzo dzeKuona Kwekufamba" izvo zvinotungamirira kukurudzirwa kweGestalt psychology .
- 1913 - Carl Jung anotanga kubuda maonero aFreudhi uye anovaka mazano ake aanoti seanoshandiswa pakuongorora nezvepfungwa John B. Watson anorondedzera "Psychology seVhidhiyo Maonero" mune izvo zvinogadzirisa pfungwa yekuzvibata.
- 1915 - Freud inoparidza basa pakudzvinyirira.
- 1920 - Watson naRobert Rayner vanotsvaga tsvakurudzo pamusoro pechiitiko chekutya kwekutya nehurukuro yavo, Little Albert .
- 1932 - Jean Piaget anova ndiye anonyanya kugadzirisa mafungiro ekunyora kwebasa rake "The Moral Judgment of Children."
- 1942 - Carl Rogers anovandudza mutsika wevashandi -hutano hwakakosha hunokurudzira ruremekedzo uye maonero akanaka kune varwere.
Zviitiko zvinokosha kubva muna 1950 kusvika muna 2000
Chikamu chekupedzisira chezana remakore rechi20 chaive chakakomberedza maitiro ehutano hwehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa, hwakarongedzwa nekubudiswa kweKutsvaga uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM) neAmerican Psychiatric Association. Ndiyo nheyo yepamusoro iri kushandiswa nhasi kushandura kuongororwa uye kurapwa. Pakati pezviitiko zvikuru:
- 1952 - Yokutanga Dhiagnostic uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders inobudiswa.
- 1954 - Abraham Maslow anobudisa "Kukurudzira uye Unhu" achirondedzera pfungwa yake yehutungamiri hwezvido. Ari pakati pevatangi vezvepfungwa dzevanhu.
- 1958 - Harry Harlow anoshuma "Chimiro Cherudo" chinotsanangura kukosha kwekubatanidza uye rudo mu rhesus monkeys.
- 1961 - Albert Bandura anoitisa chido chake chainzi Bhobo doll chinoshandiswa pakuita kuti vana vatsanangurwe sechivakwa chekucherechedza, kutevedzera, nekufananidzira.
- 1963 - Badura anotanga kurondedzera pfungwa yekucherechedza kudzidza kutsanangura unhu hukuru.
- 1974 - Stanley Milgram inoparidza "Kuteerera Kumasimba" iyo inotsanangura zvinowanikwa zvekuzivikanwa kwake kwakakurumbira.
- 1980 - DSM-III inobudiswa.
- 1990 - Noam Chomsky anonyora "Pamusoro pezvakasikwa, kushandiswa, uye kugamuchira mutauro."
- 1991 - Steven Pinker anonyora imwe nyaya inotaurira zvinyorwa zvake pamusoro pekuti vana vanowana sei mutauro waakambotumira mubhuku rinonzi "The Language Instinct."
- 1994 - The DSM-IV inobudiswa.
Zviitiko Zvinokosha Muzana Remakore makumi maviri nemakore rokutanga
Nekuuya kwesayenzi yezvesayenzi, vanachiremba vepfungwa havasi kurwisana ne nzira iyo physiology uye genetics inoita kuti munhu ave nepfungwa dzepfungwa. Pakati pezvimwe zvitsva zvakawanikwa zvekutanga remakore rechi21:
- 2000 - Vanachiremba vanopedza mapikicha emagetsi evanhu nechinangwa chokuparadzanisa munhu ane kromosome anokonzera kusagadzikana kwepfungwa.
- 2002 - Steven Pinker anonyora "The Blank Slate" achikakavadzana nepfungwa ye tabula rasa (inyanzvi yokuti pfungwa isati yakasara pakuberekwa). Avashalom Caspi inopa uchapupu hwekutanga hwekuti genetics inobatanidza nemhinduro yemwana kune kutukwa. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Daniel Kahneman akapiwa mubayiro weNobel muEconomics nokuda kwekutsvakurudza kwake pamusoro pekuti kutongwa kunoitwa sei pakatarisana nekusaziva.
- 2010 - Simon LeVay anoshuma "Gay, Yakarurama, uye Chikonzero Nei" iyo inotaura kuti kuita zvepabonde kunobva pakusiyana kwepabonde muuropi.
- 2013 - DSM-V inosunungurwa. Mariri, APA inobvisa "chirwere chekuziva kwehutano" kubva pane urwere hwezvirwere zvepfungwa uye inotsiva "chirwere chepabonde dysphoria" kurondedzera kusafara kwomunhu nehutano hwake.
- 2014 - John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser, uye Edvard Moser vakagovera Mubayiro weNobel nokuda kwekuwanikwa kwavo kwemasero anoumba hurongwa hwekuisa muhuropi hwehuropi kumusoro.